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  佛造像作为特殊的艺术形式,蕴藏着丰富的文化内涵,体现了中华民族特有的审美情趣和艺术神韵,展现出我国古代劳动人民的高尚情操和恢宏理想,是我国传统文化中璀璨夺目的艺术瑰宝。

  如图所示是一尊清乾隆时期具有汉藏风格的燃灯佛。像高50厘米,质地为合金铜,局部冷金错银。据介绍,从清宫造办处造办佛像、法器的整个流程来看,宫中的造佛机构实际上是由两部分组成,即中正殿和造办处。作为佛像的尊像与法器的铸造和加工,其宗教意义最为重要,所以喇嘛的参与是十分重要的,这就是中正殿的作用,其次才是由造办处各作完成的纯技术加工。

  中正殿喇嘛工匠与造办处工匠在成造藏传佛教尊像时有着得天独厚的优势,他们可以接触到宫中大量新旧的“番”“梵”造像,从中吸取营养成分;他们还可以直接接触到西藏、尼泊尔和蒙古来的优秀工匠,学习与交流技艺。更为重要的是宫中传统的高技术工艺水平的充足的资金来源,为藏传佛教造像的模仿和创新提供了技术和物质保证,所以清宫的作品与西藏相比,加工技术水平较高,宫中造像、法器细部加工光滑细腻、纹饰华丽精美,与西藏造像的粗犷简陋有明显的区别,宫中造像常选用名贵金属材料铸造和镶嵌,并装饰各类珠宝,以增加其豪华的效果,更显皇家特色。乾隆时期宫中藏传佛教艺术的繁荣离不开中正殿工匠喇嘛和造办处工匠的努力和智慧。

  宫廷成造的这些法器和佛像主要用于宗教目的,其宗教性是第一位的,其次才是其艺术性,乾隆帝对于佛像、法器的审美要求并不是很高,更重视的是它们宗教意义的阐发和对古德先贤的追思。

  通常人们习惯将此像定名为释迦牟尼佛,但考虑到他双手施转法轮印,称为“燃灯佛”更准确。燃灯佛因其出生时身边一切光明如灯而得名。精彩的是其身上嵌银的花纹装饰,衣边领口嵌卍字不到头纹样,寓意万福无疆;袈裟上饰卷曲妙曼的缠枝花纹,加之沉郁的古铜色,袈裟宛如绫罗锦段织就,使佛陀显得更加华贵而庄严。

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