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  三秦大地是我们中华民族生息、繁衍的源头之一,是华夏文明诞生、发展的重要地区;我怀着一颗对历史的崇高敬畏之心,兴致勃勃地参观了陕西历史博物馆,被这件唐代金筐宝钿团花纹金杯深深吸引,其高5.9厘米、口径6.8厘米、重239克,绚烂华丽。

  这件溢彩流光的唐代金杯杯口外侈,器壁有内向的弧度,“6”字形的把手铆钉在一片“十”字形金片上,与杯身相固定。杯身制造成型后,进行了仔细的打磨处理,因此腹身有密集的等距离平行线。在光滑的器腹表面上,由上下两端相对的四对如意云头纹分割成四个相对独立的单元,每个单元中装饰一朵团花,团花由锻打的扁金片构成,焊接在杯腹表面,形成立体感极强的装饰。在团花及如意云头纹最外缘又焊接有细密排列的小金珠。下腹部用同样工艺焊接四个云头纹,外侧皆焊有金珠,其中一云纹内沿里残存着一小块白色镶嵌物。

  那为什么把此杯称作“金筐宝钿”呢?考古学家从法门寺出土的物账碑中找到了答案,其上面有“真金函一枚,金框宝钿真珠装”的文字记载。通过对照实际器物,我们知道“金筐宝钿”就是指器物表面焊接有金丝编成的外框及细密的金珠,再镶嵌以宝石。由此可以想像这件金杯当年的完整面貌,在其杯身的纹饰内曾经镶嵌有五颜六色的宝石!现在,虽然宝石已遗失殆尽,可当我们面对这件依旧金碧、玲珑的艺术品时,仍能感受到它令人屏息凝神、继而惊叹的美。

  唐代的金银器呈现出了浓郁的异域色彩与前所未有的多样性。当时因东西方贸易往来频繁,唐人大量吸收了粟特、波斯萨珊等西亚和中亚金银器发达地区的工艺、造型和纹饰,经过唐代工匠不断的改进和调整最终形成自己的风格,这件器物的原型来自中亚粟特带把杯,但有两个创新细节,一是把上的指垫做成叶芽形状,环把的下面省略了指鋬。这一不同改变了粟特器物固有的风格,却在中国汉晋器物上能够找到渊源。二是把唐朝人喜爱的掐丝、焊缀和镶嵌工艺运用到器物的制作上。这种局部改造没有涉及使用功能上的变化,只是在审美上符合了唐人的愿望。

 

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