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  6个三星堆祭祀坑已提取出土象牙、青铜器、金器、玉石器等重要文物534件及残破文物碎片近2000件,“走进三星堆 读懂中华文明”主题活动日前在四川德阳广汉市举行,一系列考古成果公布,其中总高达1.15米、“人尊一体”的“国宝级”文物青铜顶尊人像首次对外“亮相”。

  如何保护这批出土文物?“出土文物的保护分为应急保护阶段和文物后续修复阶段,现在三星堆的文物处在应急保护阶段。”四川省文物考古研究院文物保护中心主任谢振斌说,四川省文物考古研究院和相关单位已共同制定多项文物应急保护体系,为三星堆文物披上“防护罩”。

  精准探测 科技发掘展身手

  目前3、4号坑内象牙提取工作已基本完成;8号坑在近20厘米的灰烬层中已经发现神树、金器、铜面具等各种残片;最新出土一件金面具残片,耳朵和嘴巴的轮廓清晰可见……走近三星堆考古发掘现场,各项考古工作正有条不紊地进行。为在考古中实现文物的保护,此次三星堆考古首创了探方工作舱,用于现场发掘工作的舱内四面“透明玻璃”看似平平无奇,里面却配备了如小型变频环境控制系统、高压微雾加湿系统、采集系统和全视频记录系统等功能各异的考古操作系统和装备。

  而在发掘现场4号坑外的左前方,还有一排充满科技元素的文保工作“小屋”。“这是应急保护平台,设有应急检测分析室、有机质文物应急保护室、无机质文物应急保护室、微痕文物应急保护室等。”四川省文物考古研究院文物保护中心考古工作人员李思凡说。

  在其中的应急监测分析室内,放置有现场检测分析的便携式小型仪器,若是考古工作人员想要了解出土文物的材质或是获取更多的信息,就会在此进行检测。此外,针对不同材质的文物,考古工作人员会在有机质文物应急保护室和无机质文物应急保护室里,分别进行保护处理。

  两者有何区别?相关工作人员表示,有机质类是一些类似于象牙、海贝、漆器、皮毛等的文物,而无机质类包含金银器、铜器和玉石器等。

  现场工作人员介绍说,目前3、4号祭祀坑内象牙提取工作已基本完成,下一步将对众多揭露出来的青铜器进行发掘。

  应急保护 新技术揭秘文物“真面目”

  据现场考古工作人员介绍,文物的应急保护处理工作,主要分为文物出土前在现场对其进行加固的处理,出土后的观察和简单清理,文物的包装和储存3个步骤。目前三星堆的文物处在应急保护阶段。

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