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  陶罐、苇席、食用的黍和粟、纺织用的大麻……近日,考古工作者在西安发现一处西汉中晚期较高等级墓葬,其中有大量约2000年前人们的日常生活用品。

  这座编号为M553的墓葬位于西安市东南郊,距离杜陵邑北界约1.5公里。从2020年8月起,陕西省考古研究院的考古工作者在这一区域进行持续考古发掘,根据前期勘探及后续发掘情况推断,这里有古代墓葬千余座。其中,发掘区的核心区域以西汉中晚期墓葬为主,周边分布一定数量的唐代中小型墓葬和明清墓葬。

  这座墓葬由墓道、耳室、墓室组成,墓道长16.8米,墓室宽4.1米、长5.3米、深9.2米。该墓葬的墓室被盗严重,盗洞填土中清理出牙质筒形饰、玉猪握等器物。

  墓葬中较重要的发现是侥幸逃过历次盗扰的两个耳室。其中东侧耳室内部遗物根据保存形态可划分为三个部分:耳室最内侧为陶制和原始瓷的罐类器皿,部分器皿口尚存编织物盖子,其中彩绘陶器颈部可见朱书的纪年文字,器物上方整体覆盖保存较好的苇席;耳室中部并排堆放着束口圆柱状口袋,目前提取出的样品经鉴定有大麻、黍、粟三种,口袋上部放置草席包裹,其外部红色带状织物捆扎呈“丰”字形;耳室最外侧为多排敞口的圆形口袋,袋口翻折,内侧可见一些褐色残留物,性质有待进一步检测分析。接下来,考古工作者将对尚未开启的西侧耳室,采取环境监测、现场文物保护和三维数据采集并行的技术手段,对文物信息进行提取。

  据陕西省考古研究院M553墓葬发掘负责人胡春勃介绍,这座墓葬历经2000多年,能够保存较多种类的有机物,这在历年关中地区的考古发现中较为少见。结合史料记载及已发掘物品推测,该区域的汉代墓葬应当与西汉时期杜陵有密切关系,墓主人很有可能是生前居住在杜陵邑内的贵族或官吏。这一墓葬的发现对研究西汉中晚期人们的日常生活、丧葬习俗有重要意义。

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