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图1 汉砖正面

  这方“凤凰于飞”汉砖(图1、2),长29、上宽10、下宽14、厚4厘米,下宽上窄整砖呈梯形,双面有放射性十字线纹。经南京古都学会叶伯瑜鉴定,此砖约为东汉末至西晋时期的物件。江苏省文史馆馆员、书画家俞律在此砖拓片上题道:“凤为祥瑞,意象传为百鸟之王。汉代画像石砖常见,墓砖上则稀见焉。”先生说,“凤凰于飞,君来大吉。当宝之。”(图3)

图2 汉砖背面

图3 汉砖拓片俞律题诗

图4 元末的釉陶瓦当“凤于飞”

图8 清康熙盘底“凤穿莲”

图5 万历大盘瓷片

图6 清早期“生凤记”丸药瓶

图7 清康熙大碗瓷片“凤朝阳”

图9 清晚期“团凤”粥罐

  凤凰于飞:从鸟图腾到被称为“东方神鸟”,凤凰的寓意始终是正面的。凤凰于飞,是出自《诗经》中的词语,字面指凤和凰相偕而飞,后用以比喻夫妻合欢恩爱。一般用来祝福新婚新人的生活幸福美满,又是用于婚礼的祝词,所以在许多青花瓷片上、瓦当上都有凤凰吉祥图案。如元末的釉陶瓦当“凤于飞”(图4),明万历大盘瓷片“石上丹凤栖,缘鸟则一之”(图5),清早期“生凤记”丸药瓶(图6),清康熙大碗瓷片“凤朝阳”(图7),清康熙盘底“凤穿莲”(图8),清晚期“团凤”粥罐(图9)……真可谓:一砖一瓦一瓷片,都是历代凤翔面。后来更由于周璇的一首“凤凰于飞”的歌曲而使其家喻户晓。

  《诗·大雅·卷阿》“凤凰于飞,翙翙其羽。”《史记·田敬仲完世家》“齐懿仲欲妻完卜之,占曰:是谓凤皇于蜚,和鸣锵锵。”唐·李白《早夏于将军叔宅与诸昆季送传八之江南序》:“前许州司马宋公,蕴冰清之姿,重傅侯玉润之德,妻以其子。凤凰于飞,潘杨之好,斯为睦矣。”唐·颜真卿《和政公主神道碑》:“凤凰于飞,梧桐是依。噰噰喈喈,福禄攸归。”等。都将“凤凰于飞”说得精妙!在大部分的记载中,凤凰的形象多为“细长脖颈,背部隆起,喙如鸡,颌如燕,羽有花纹,尾毛分叉如鱼,行走步态倨傲而善于舞蹈,好集群,足脚甚高,体长六尺至一丈。”

  有一篇歌词“凤凰于飞”,写得诗意满满:旧梦依稀,往事迷离,春花秋月里。如雾里看花,水中望月,飘来又浮去。君来有声,君去无语,翻云覆雨里。虽两情相惜,两心相怡,得来复失去。有诗待和,有歌待应,有心待相系。望长相思,望长相守,却空留琴与笛。以情相悦,以心相许,以身相偎依。愿勿相忘,愿勿相负,又奈何恨与欺。得非所愿,愿非所得。看命运嘲弄,造化游戏。真情诺诺,终于随乱红飞花去。期盼明月,期盼朝阳,期盼春风浴。可逆风不解,挟雨伴雪,摧梅折枝去。凤凰于飞,翙翙其羽,远去无痕迹。听梧桐细雨,瑟瑟其叶,随风摇记忆。梧桐细雨,瑟瑟其叶,随风摇记忆。

  在人们的潜意识中,龙是威严而又神圣的,只可远观不能亵渎;而凤凰象征吉祥如意,富有亲近感,同时它也象征着爱情。而当龙和凤在一起时,就形成了“龙凤呈祥”的场面,庄严的同时也更亲近,因此“龙凤呈祥”深受人们的喜爱。凤凰是中华文明的标志之一,代表着祥瑞、希望和如意,从古至今,变的只是它的名字,不变的则是它所蕴含的感情与意义。

 

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