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图1 青铜尊

  位于武汉北郊的商代盘龙城遗址,距今已有3500年历史,是长江中下游地区发现的,现知布局最清楚、遗迹最丰富的一处青铜时代早期城址。自上世纪60年代发掘以来,至今已出土各类文物三千余件,其中数量最多的当属青铜器,制作精美,技术高超。

图2 青铜甗

  青铜尊(图1),口径20.8、高28厘米。器身敞口,圆口外侈,长颈,宽折肩,深圆鼓腹,折腹,圈足。颈部饰凸弦纹。腹部饰饕餮纹,饕餮由云纹构成。足部有三个等距离的“凸”字镂孔。尊,今作樽,是商周时期汉族的一种体型较大的盛酒器,亦作礼器使用,盛行于商代至西周时期,春秋后期已经少见。此器体形高大,造型雄奇,器制浑厚,设计精巧,铸造精美。纹饰线条柔和精美,雕工精湛,既是盛酒的实用器,又是极好的工艺品。

  青铜甗(图2),口径22、高36厘米。圆口,斜腹,三足。由上下两部分组成,上部为盛饭之甑,甑为敞口,底有箅孔以通蒸汽。下部为煮水之鬲。颈部饰三组细弦夔纹,每组一夔。腹部和裆部饰双线人字纹。甗是古代劳动人民发明的一种蒸煮器,产生于新石器时代晚期,早期为陶制,商周时期始用铜铸造,东汉之后逐渐衰亡。除了炊煮之用,甗还是一种礼器,与鼎、簋、豆、壶、盘、盉等组合成一套完整的随葬礼器。铜甗上下部分有合铸也有分体的,此件即是合铸而成,甑大鬲小,上阔下窄。制作工艺复杂,上部的甑和下部的鬲分铸而成,最后统一浇铸,鬲壁厚而重,不易倾倒,体现了当时较为先进的铸铜工艺。

 

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