0 Favorites 0 likes 5,565 浏览 1095 个字

 

 

  史前时期的固原,这里是早期人类活动的地区之一,彭阳县茹河流域岭儿、刘河等地的考古发现,填补了宁夏南部旧石器时代的空白。进入新石器时代,这里除了仰韶文化以外,还有马家窑文化和菜园文化,以及新石器时代晚期的齐家文化。宁夏固原博物馆珍藏的古陶器,使人眼睛一亮,从而看到此地的古代文明。笔者整理了一组该馆收藏的新石器时代陶器,作此文以飨读者。

图1 新石器时代陶斝及其口和底部图

图2 有火烧烟熏痕迹的陶斝

图3 陶尖底器

图4 陶尖底瓶

图5 单耳彩陶壶

图6 小口彩陶瓶

  图1、2所示这两件器物是新石器时代的炊具——陶斝,大小相仿,造型雷同,1986年宁夏隆德县沙塘乡街道改造时出土。两器均高38.3、口径26.3厘米,泥质红陶,敞口,圆唇,束颈素面。颈部饰单耳,分裆三袋足,通体饰粗布纹。图2所示这件还有火烧烟熏痕迹,说明当时为炊具。腹腔内有一层附着于器壁的白色垢迹,应系长期烧水而形成。

  曾被忽视的炊具在古代的字书及其他文献中,均将斝称为酒器而无视其作为炊具的存在,原因在于秦汉及其以后的研究者所见到的斝都是商代的遗物,却无缘得见史前陶斝之故。而商代的斝确实是盛酒、温酒之器,且均实足而无空足。当时曾作为祭祀时盛酒灌地降神的礼器。现代考古学的产生及其成果,使我们有幸接触商之前的斝,从而拓展了对斝的用途及其演变的认识。因此,可以说,斝最早产生于龙山文化早期而非自殷商始。宁夏隆德县沙塘乡出土的这两件陶斝,图2底面的烟炱和腹内残存的水垢,足证新石器时代的斝是煮水、煮粥的炊具,而不是专用的酒器。但进入夏代以后,斝渐以盛酒、温酒为主,商代流行青铜斝,已无炊具功能。商代以后,斝由盛转衰以至绝迹。

  图3所示这件新石器时代陶尖底器,属于酿酒器,长18.5、口径10厘米,泥质红陶,中空,直口,平沿外卷,上腹部饰堆塑扉棱纹,整体饰刻划纹。

  图4所示这件新石器时代陶尖底瓶,也是酿酒器,通高59、口径11.1、腹径23厘米。泥质红陶,小口折沿,沿面平行,方唇,长颈,溜肩,斜弧腹,上腹至下部留有刮痕,形成纹饰,底部呈钝角状。1986年宁夏隆德县沙塘乡页河子遗址出土。

  图5所示这件新石器时代单耳彩陶壶,为盛水或盛酒器,高16、口径7.9、底径7.4厘米,泥质红陶,敞口,粗颈、溜肩,平底,颈部饰三周戳点纹,口部及器身饰红条纹。1988年在宁夏固原七营乡柴梁红圈子出土。固博馆藏类似的单耳彩陶壶有4件。

  图6所示这件新石器时代小口彩陶瓶,属于盛水或盛酒器,高14.7、口径5.5、底径7.4厘米。泥质红陶,小口,宽圆唇,喇叭形素长颈,下腹圆鼓,腹部一周饰水波纹,下腹素面内收,圈足。1988年固博征集入馆。

 

Related recommendations

Li Zhibin, also known as "Xiaoyaō Zi," shares the same name on Douyin and Kuaishou platforms. He is from Sichuan, has a passion for traditional culture, and is dedicated to arts such as poetry, calligraphy, and music...

Wang Shuangyi, courtesy name Yufei, born in Hebei in 1962, a member of the Communist Party of China, graduated with a college degree in calligraphy. Member of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of Ningjin County...

Liu Tianjing, also known as Tian Jin. Male, Han ethnicity, born in May 1968, from Longde County, Ningxia. He has studied the calligraphy and theory of the Two Wangs since childhood. Ningxia Calligraphers Association...

Guo Jindong, currently the Vice President and Chairman of the China Commercial Culture Research Association, a specially appointed researcher at the National Museum of China, former Vice President of the China National Academy of Painting, ...

Liu Keren, courtesy name Zilian, also known as Kuai Xue Tang and Si Qi Zhai. Originally from Weifang City, Shandong Province, he is the branch president of the Baisanheishui Painting Academy and vice president of the China National Painting and Calligraphy Academy.

Wang Rong Artistic Biography A native of Datong, Shanxi, currently residing in Beijing. His courtesy name is Yunshi, and his art name is Yunshanzhongren. Director of the Pinggu District Artists Association, Beijing Shanxi Provincial Artists Association...

Empower content monetization

Elevate your income to a new level

Click to contact customer service

Online time: 8:00-16:00

Customer service QQ

88888888

Customer service phone number

400-888-8888

Customer service email

ceotheme@ceo.com

Scan QR code

Follow the WeChat official account

Scan QR code

Visit this site on your mobile device