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井头山遗址出土的相关物品

  “井头山遗址是已知国内沿海地区埋深最大的一处遗址,突破了国内东南沿海地区以往对史前遗址在分布时空框架及其规律的认识。”5月30日,浙江省文物局副局长郑建华在井头山遗址考古成果新闻发布会上如是说。

  井头山遗址位于浙江省宁波市余姚市三七市镇三七市村,东距田螺山遗址1.5公里。2013年,该地因厂房建设打桩发现贝壳等物。随后经专业人员试掘初步确认该地是一处在浙江考古中从未发现过的史前贝丘遗址。

位于浙江宁波余姚的井头山遗址

  该遗址深埋在现地表下8米左右,基坑共750平方米,目前已完成基坑内主要探方的大部分发掘工作,发现灰坑、橡子储藏坑处理坑、烧土堆、烧土坑、器物加工和食物处理点等遗迹10多处,出土各类可登记遗物数百件。其中遗存主要包括大量当时先民食用后丢弃的各种海生贝类(蚶、螺、牡蛎、蛏、蛤、蚝等)、人工制品(陶器、石器、骨器、木器、贝器、编织物)及动物碎骨头等。

  “井头山遗址是浙江省境内迄今发现的惟一一处史前贝丘遗址,且文化面貌、内涵特征与河姆渡文化区别明显,与河姆渡文化来源密切相关。”北京大学考古文博学院教授赵辉介绍,井头山遗址出土遗物具有鲜明的自身文化特征。

井头山遗址

  例如,陶器主要器型以釜、罐、圜底器为主,少量圈足器,不见三足器,与河姆渡文化陶器在基本器形和小耳状、鸡冠耳状扳手等细部装饰方面有一定的相似性,但两者之间的差异更加明显。

  经北京大学考古文博学院碳十四实验室等多家实验室测定,井头山遗址的年代在距今7800~8300年之间。其生业方式以海产捕捞为主,兼有采集和狩猎,以及早期稻作农业。“这对沿海地区史前文化研究具有较高学术价值。”赵辉说。

  在中科院地质与地球物理研究所研究员吕厚远看来,井头山遗址典型反映了全新世早中期环境变迁与古海岸线人类活动起源、发展的明确过程;其发现和发掘亦为全新世以来环境变迁,海侵时间、过程及沿海地区新石器时代人类文化的相互作用的人地关系研究提供了全新的视角和难得的案例。

 

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