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  电焊、整形器、模具、平锤……在安徽博物院文物科技保护中心青铜器修复台上,摆满了各式各样的工具和亟待修复的青铜器。就在这个40平方米左右的修复室里,安徽省级非物质文化遗产青铜器修复技艺传承人靳鹏带着两名徒弟,以青铜为“媒”,与历史展开“对话”。

  “中国有着5000多年青铜发展的高超技术与文化,青铜器承载着历史文化,我们在修复青铜器的时候,就像在与历史对话,这是青铜器文物修复工作的乐趣之一。”靳鹏说。

  随着安徽省新冠肺炎疫情得到有效控制,目前保护中心已开始正常工作,他们将加班加点,以不影响全年修复进度。

  记者看到,修复台上有一尊变了形的青铜佛像在进行“扩胸手术”,而这项“手术”已经做了好几个月。靳鹏说,青铜修复师最害怕遇到的就是变形青铜器。青铜器一般都有几千年的历史,有一定的腐蚀,要恢复成原来的模样,要求修复师“对症”制作一个整形器,通过挤压、加热等方法使其恢复成原样,整个过程都要小心翼翼,稍有失误,造成的损失都是不可逆的。

  同时,青铜器修复是古文物修复中最难的一种,需要掌握木工、钳工、焊接工、美术、整形等行业的工艺。青铜器出土年代久远,有着“十铜九破”的特点,即便是最普通的青铜器修复,也要经过清洗、拼对、制模、焊接、整形、做旧等十几道工序。通常使用到的工具包括电烙铁、电磨、锉刀、锤子、整形器、钳子等达数十种。

  从事青铜器修复工作40多年的靳鹏特别提到,青铜器在出土时就要立刻采取保护措施,之后还要经常观察。青铜器生锈,就像人生病一样,其中有一块生锈,会在整个青铜器上蔓延。有的有害锈甚至还会在不同青铜器间传染,隔空也能传染。有害锈对青铜器的伤害是不可恢复的,一旦发现,只能把生了有害锈的青铜器“隔离”起来,阻止传染。

  “安徽已修复的青铜器相对于总存量来说,只是冰山一角,所以青铜器修复就是一场与时间赛跑的比赛。”靳鹏摇着头说,安徽省青铜修复从业人员目前不到10人,整个中国,青铜器修复人才也不是很多。因为修复人员缺少、修复工艺复杂,一年只能修复几百件(套)。

  靳鹏介绍,青铜器修复工艺繁琐、枯燥,要出师至少需要5年,还要看悟性。有时候一件青铜器修复可能需要几个月,甚至更长时间,整天对着“破铜烂铁”,所以年轻人愿意学的少。

  靳鹏的徒弟程贝托是一名“90后”,大学期间学习体育专业的他,机缘巧合地进入了青铜器修复这个行业。而在他看来,青铜器修复工作不仅是一个学习的过程,也是对性格的磨炼。程贝托入行两年多,并打算坚守这门手艺。“因为喜欢那种与历史对话的感觉,更喜欢看到那些用自己双手修复的青铜器完好如初的样子。”

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