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图1 佩牌正面  

  汉阴县博物馆收藏的这枚清代牙雕佩牌,十分美观精致,有一定的收藏和欣赏价值。

图2 佩牌背面

图3 佩牌上部穿孔

图4 佩牌底部

 

  该佩牌正面(图1):纵6、横3.9、厚0.6厘米,圆角,回纹边框;主题纹饰为浮雕“杨贵妃月下焚香图”。只见她站在盛开的梅花之间,前下边一枝盛开的梅花从右伸出,身后下边亦是一枝梅花从右伸出;左上侧高架香炉青烟缭绕,其上有两片芭蕉叶伸出;右上角流云半掩圆月。杨贵妃头戴凤冠,手执团扇半遮面,身穿裙、衫、帔风,那轻薄水烟逶迤拖地长裙飘逸,酥胸半露,仿佛要把唐玄宗迷倒。

  唐代女装的基本穿着是三件套:裙、衫、帔。中晚唐开始往丰满宽大的风格发展。酥胸半露领口低开的情况,出现一些“淡红衫子掩酥胸”的画面。此外,酥胸半露的装束一般只在特定场合穿着,如在宫廷、闺房中。

  佩牌背面(图2):回纹边框内剔地阳刻方正美术体小篆杨玉环《赠张云容舞》,内容为:“罗袖动香香不已,红红(蕖)枭枭(袅袅)秋烟里。轻云岭上乍摇风,嫩柳池边初拂水。丙申年五月。”下钤刻阳文方框“杨”印章。其篆书雕刻工整遒劲,极富美感。此牌上头横向钻一象鼻穿(图3),以备系绳佩带。

  此诗是杨玉环一次随唐玄宗游幸绣岭宫,命侍儿张云容献舞,张云容罗袖轻舒,身躯曼转,翩翩起舞,杨玉环兴致大发即席写下的。这首七绝充分运用了比、兴的手法,意境清丽,物象和意象天然嵌合,字凝句炼,层次递进,一气呵成,如行云流水,是难得的绘景诗。“轻云岭上乍摇风”里的一个“乍”字,较之后来李清照“乍暖还寒时候”里的“乍”,可谓具先生之优。这是以女人写女人的舞姿,比之秋烟芙蓉,若隐若现;复比之岭上风云,飘忽无定,更比之柳丝拂水,婀娜轻柔,衬以罗袖动香,可谓出神入化。

  这件“杨贵妃月下焚香图”牌子,两头断面有细微裂纹(图4),证明它的年代较久。此牌匠人采用了浮雕、浅刻、微刻各种技法,层次丰富、气势磅礴。把杨贵妃体态修长匀称,轩轩霞举超然,以及出尘之神韵表达出来。其衣纹缥缈,态度悠闲。

  民国《古玩指南》的作者赵汝珍认为,清早期的竹、木、牙雕器物,“以做工为贵,惜从来制之者均系匠人(地位低下),故世人只重其器而不名其人焉。”也就是说,时人只看重器物,不重视制作的匠人。当时匠人地位低下,竹、木、牙雕器物上不落雕刻匠人的姓名。这枚杨贵妃月下焚香图牌子,雕刻非常精致,但不见雕刻者的姓名落款,很是遗憾。每一件文物,都留有历史的痕迹,都反映出当时社会的气息。今人观古人,也有情感相通之处。

 

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