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  粮票,是我国计划经济时代的产物,当时它是国家给城镇人口按定量标准发给的一种票证。在统购统销年代,粮食管理与户口制度是同一属性,凡地方行政设了乡街镇公安派出所的就有粮食管理站,如公民的居住地异动均要同时办理“户口、粮食迁移证”方能落户。在经营供应上,所有粮食和以粮食为原料制作的任何食品,都要凭粮票和人民币供应,国家法律也严厉禁止粮食自由交易和商家二缺一(钞票、粮票)供应食品。

1968年印制的“汨罗县城关粮店定量专用粮票正面(上)、反面(下)

汨罗县城关粮店定量专用粮票

  被人们戏称为第二人民币的粮票,其印制发行和使用范围,国家均有明文规定:全国通用粮票、军用粮票由国家粮食部印制发行,地方省市县乡镇通用粮票由各粮食厅局站印制发行。全国和军用粮票可以在各地通用,地方粮票限在规定的地域内流通。全国各城镇的粮店,是国家按隶属关系管理而设立的供应点,它只具备凭粮油票证的供应权,没有地方粮票的印制发行权。

  2003年8月,全国票证收藏交易会在长沙举行,一套1968年印制的“汨罗县城关粮店定量专用粮票(面额由壹市斤、伍市斤、壹拾斤、贰拾斤、伍拾斤、贰佰斤6枚组成)”一面世,即轰动了国内外收藏界。它产生的眼球效应,是该套粮票的奇特性:一是票面直接冠名粮店名称(属无权印制);二是票面发行单位公章为“汨罗县城关粮店定量粮票专用章”(非管理单位);三是票面设计有毛泽东着军装的侧面版画图像的图案,违反了当年毛泽东肖像不允许上流通票券的规定;四是全国和地方级粮票中,除“文革”中有部分印了毛泽东语录外,均没有印毛泽东肖像。

  众多收藏者的追捧,使该套粮票的价格一路走高,2003年10月份的售价达1000元左右。半年后,收藏界又传出对该套票的质疑,理由有二:一是湖南省粮食局无发行备案记录;二是中国粮票目录未收录,疑臆造品。不少购买了该套粮票的收藏者都持票到湖南省收藏协会文物鉴定中心求证其真假。

  为了查明真像,鉴定中心指定专人与省有关部门人员一道深入汨罗市(当年是县)调查。调查结果表明:当年该粮店有工作人员20余人,独家负责供应城关镇居民、县政府、公社干部2万余人的粮油食品。因每月要收发“城镇居民粮油供应证”,按国家标准核定不同人员的定量或异动类的指标等,特别是凭证购粮时,手续非常烦琐。加之全县就只有这么一个粮店,一年365天连大年初一购粮都排长队。1968年初,正是“文革”高潮,县政府机关职能瘫痪,粮店负责人用“破旧立新”的办法,亲自到印刷厂按当年最革命的心思,策划设计了这套史无前例的粮票。

  从1969年1月改发粮店印制的粮票后,购粮时确实减少了操作工效,但在流通的使用中,却出现了令粮店方和使用方都非常棘手的问题。因为票面上印有毛主席肖像,在当时污损印刷品上的毛主席像,属现行反革命行为,弄得交易双方在使用中左右为难。回收后的旧粮票,谁也不敢安排销毁,只能立账封存在粮店仓库内。1970年10月左右,县粮食局根据群众的反映,下令粮店恢复凭供应证购粮油和停止粮票发放,使该套粮票从发放到停用不到两年。据知情人透露,收回的旧票和部分未使用的新票曾在仓库封存了近二十年,直到国家取消粮油凭票供应并宣布粮票作废数年后,经粮店请示主管部门批准,由店方送交某造纸厂统一销毁。

  因该套违规印制的“粮店定量专用粮票”自从上了户口后,以使用周期短、存世量极少的优势,早就被获悉信息的粮友收入囊中珍藏。目前市场上不但价高难寻,特别是全套中的壹市斤面额,因流出的旧票数量极少,成了收藏界“一票难求”的珍贵筋票。

 

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