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  水丞,又名水盂,是我国一种古老的汉族传统工艺品,它是置于文人雅士书案上的贮水器,用于贮砚水,多为圆扁形,属文房用具,其中有嘴的叫“水注”,无嘴叫“水丞”。除实用意义外,还可观赏陈列,置于书桌上,与砚田相伴,与文人相对,增添主人的审美情趣。另从养生之道来说,水丞可以息心养性,“一洗人间氛垢矣,清心乐志”,从心理角度看,水丞可助文思,“几案之珍,得以赏心悦目”。

  本文所要介绍的这件清代马蹄形灵芝水丞(见图),高4、口径7厘米,质地灵芝,造型为马蹄形,自然天成,奇特精美,把玩起来,令人爱不释手。

  从收藏角度而言,鉴定一件藏品的价值,一般是要综合它的质地、造型工艺和文化内涵等多方面因素。像这件水丞,它的质地是灵芝,自然天成,又赋予了一定文化内涵,其所蕴含的文化艺术价值不言而喻。

  灵芝是一种菌科的食物,和蘑菇有亲缘关系。它样子像伞,伞盖半圆形,或近半圆形,质地较硬,颜色多为暗橙,或红棕、黄棕色等,近似中国古代吉祥、美好的“如意”图案。更有甚者,有关灵芝的神话传说很多,而且源远流长,一说灵芝原本是一位仙女的名字,传说她是天蓬元帅的千金,因违反天规,受贬后,托草换胎而来,从此灵芝姑娘便有沉鱼落雁之誉。一说灵芝是由天帝之幼女媱姬夭折后,被封于巫山,其精魄化为灵芝。再者《山海经》记述:“又东二百里,曰姑媱之山,帝女焉,化为媱草。”什么比如“灵芝媱台救难”“太上老君灵芝炼仙丹”,尽管上述都是传说,子乌虚有,但从其侧面却折射出灵芝之神奇、珍稀程度以及其“一荤一素一菌菇,一菌一方一传奇”的菌物文化,博大精深。

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