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  “寒夜客来茶当酒,竹炉汤沸火初红。寻常一样窗前月,才有梅花便不同。”越是冷得彻骨,越能香得久远,这便是梅花。梅花不畏严寒,傲视冰霜,作为君子的象征,清高而不同流合污,历来被文人雅士所喜爱。

图1 清代铜鎏金松竹梅香熏炉炉身及器盖

图2 清代铜洒金梅花八卦纹香熏炉

  古人很早就已懂得,香熏能够美容、祛痛、消除疲劳、排解抑郁,香熏与莳花、抚琴、品茗一起,被文人雅士奉为生活美学,也是在中国古代日常生活中一种纯粹的生活艺术。熏香炉的由来年代久远,自汉代博山炉起,之后玉质香炉、翡翠香炉、铜制香炉,不一而足。梅花的高雅与熏香炉的风雅便这样陈设在文人雅士的书案上,怡性逸情、意境幽远。笔者的藏友便收藏了这样几个梅花纹饰的铜制香熏炉,既具有极强的实用价值,也是融雕刻、装饰等为一体的艺术品。

  图1所示是一件清代铜鎏金松竹梅香熏炉。此炉高12、直径10厘米,平口、直腹、底承三足。炉以精铜熔铸成型,打磨光洁,使人抚之滋润似玉,色如栗亮,滑若童肌。炉身与器盖子母扣合,炉盖镂空雕刻梅花纹,器身饰鎏金松竹梅纹,底面中央铸篆书“德颐斋”款,字体端正有力。以松竹梅的枝干为足,刻画清晰,干净利落,尽显熔铸工艺之精绝。松、竹、梅素称“岁寒三友”,因这三种植物在寒冬时节仍可保持顽强的生命力而得名,是中国传统文化中高尚人格的象征,后亦有长寿之意。松竹梅合成的岁寒三友纹饰是中国古代器物、衣物和建筑上常用的装饰题材,也逐渐演变成为雅俗共赏的吉祥图案,并流传至今。

  图2所示为清代铜洒金梅花八卦纹香熏炉。洒金为在事先铸造好的器物外面涂一层漆,在上面贴以金片,再刷漆,最后打磨,直到把金片与漆层打磨平齐即可。金片点缀自然,犹如雪花洒落其上故名洒金。此炉红铜铸造,高约20厘米,重约2千克,压手沉重。熏炉敞口带盖高圈足,造型别致,古意盎然。盖面饰镂空梅花纹,梅花盛开,花蕊数朵,枝干遒劲有力,曲折横斜,构图致密有序,梅花姿态生动,包浆厚泽自然。近足部饰八卦纹,纹饰之间均起阳线分割,布局严谨、规划清晰。纹饰之外的地方则以洒金为饰。无论器型还是纹饰,直追商周,为清代文人慕古之作。

 

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