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图1 1950年初汕头火柴厂“新空军”火花

 

  1927年8月1日,南昌起义的枪声宣告中国共产党有了自己的武装,人民有了自己的军队,也标志着中国人民解放军的诞生。虽然我国火柴厂未曾为纪念建军节特意出品过纪念火花,但军人题材的火花却层出不穷。从工农红军到人民解放军,从抗美援朝到抗美援越,从解放军英模到守卫边防战士……“钢铁长城”的风采,在各地火柴厂不同时期出品的火花上均有表现。本期,笔者就从个人收藏中择选一组,以飨同好。

图2 福州和生火柴厂“三雄”火花

图3 湛江火柴厂的“援越抗美”火花

图4 苏州鸿生火柴厂“英雄王杰”火花

图5 汕头火柴厂的解放军火花

  郑东火柴厂生产的“凯旋”火花,是较早表现军人的火花之一。火花主图是红军战士吹响号角,背景是蜿蜒雄伟的万里长城。“凯旋”火花反映的是中国工农红军,经过艰苦卓绝的二万五千里长征,一、二、四方面军于1936年10月在甘肃会宁胜利会师的情景。

  我国的空军诞生于1949年11月11日,是在人民解放军陆军的基础上组建起来的。汕头大中火柴厂1950年初推出“新空军”火花(图1),表现的是共和国年轻的空中卫士风采。

  上世纪50年代的“抗美援朝”和60年代“援越抗美”,我国不少火柴厂为配合当时形势,出品了较多此类题材火花。这也是解放军形象在火花上表现最集中的时期。

  福州和生火柴厂“三雄”火花(图2),图案为并肩屹立的三名陆海空战士,犹如一座不可逾越的钢铁长城;广东郁南火柴厂都城分厂出品的“军马牌”火花,火花正中是一名身着蓝色军装,骑着战马的志愿军战士,左右两侧还印有“抗美援朝”“保家卫国”的文字;湛江火柴厂的“援越抗美”火花(图3),表现的是中越两名军人,手握枪支,在两国国旗的映衬下并肩战斗的情景。

  英雄人物是火花中常见的题材之一,雷锋、王杰(图4)、李文忠、麦贤德、蔡永祥、刘英俊、张思德、欧阳海、黄继光、邱少云……一个个闪烁着耀人的光环的军中英模,在火花上得以颂扬。

  1965年,南京火柴厂发行了一套6枚的“向解放军学习”火花。通过“做毛主席的好战士”“我们都是神枪手”“一条红线代代相传”“南泥湾种子播天下”“身居闹市一尘不染”等画面,再现解放军训练、学习、生活的真实场景,具有浓厚的时代色彩。同时期的解放军题材火花,大都还配有相关语录。如汕头火柴厂的解放军火花(图5),图案为解放军战士紧握钢枪,并配有“没有一个人民的军队,便没有人民的一切”;赣南火柴厂则配有“军民团结如一家,试看天下谁能敌”。

  一枚枚方寸画面记录着人民军队发展壮大的历史、不断前进的足迹。透过一张张火花,更折射出军人在不同时代的风采。

 

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