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  中国古代青铜器在古人的生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。各个朝代都有其自身发展的特点和风格。今天紫色百合香为您详细介绍国宝档案-中国古代青铜器收藏与指导知识,使您在青铜器史话中对我国的青铜器发展历史有框架般的认识,并了解有关青铜器真伪辨识的技巧。

  一、青铜器的历史

  青铜器诞生于人类文明的青铜时代。我国青铜器使用的历史非常悠久,甚至可以追溯至夏商周之前。迄今为止,我国发现的最早的青铜器来源是马家窑文化的青铜刀,距今已经有4800多年的历史了。

  二、夏代青铜器

  夏代二里头文化遗址中出土的青铜器大致上有五大类别,即礼器、兵器、乐器、装饰用器、生产工具。而夏代贵族墓葬中出土的青铜器主要是礼器和兵器比较多见。

  三、商代青铜器

  商代青铜器在我国青铜器史上的地位可以说举足轻重。商代青铜器的造型、铸造工艺、装饰纹饰上都较夏代有了巨大的突破。商代的青铜器尤其以礼器居多,纹饰以兽面纹为主。

  四、西周青铜器

  西周时期是我国青铜器发展的重要历史时刻。此时的青铜器数量非常多,而且青铜器上多会有长篇的铭文出现。这些铭文也是鉴定西周时期青铜器的重要依据。

  五、春秋战国青铜器

  春秋战国时期列国各种器物纷纷出现。各地区之间的文化交流逐渐增多。铸造技术进一步提升。战国末年后,铁器已经在广泛使用。

  六、秦汉-隋唐青铜器

  至东汉末年,陶器大力发展,渐渐取代了青铜器。而兵器方面多以铁器为主导。隋唐时期的青铜器多以各类精美的铜镜出现。隋唐之后,青铜器逐渐淡出了人们的视线范围。

  七、青铜器的造假手段

  1.器型造假

  2.工艺造假

  3.锈色造假

  八、青铜器鉴真伪

  1.观察青铜器器型

  青铜器器型方面,不同的年代都有特定的器型。

  2.观察青铜器铜质

  青铜器铜质的鉴别比较简单,只需翻看一下青铜器器底。如果是黄铜质地,就为伪品。

  3.观察青铜器锈迹

  青铜器一般在地下埋藏千年,会生成红锈、绿锈等。而青铜器的锈迹应该和整件器物有浑然一体的感觉,这种锈迹是自然生成的锈色,而不是那种浮于表面的锈色。

  4.观察青铜器花纹

  夏代的青铜器花纹一般都比较简单;商代的青铜器花纹多有繁褥之风;西周时期的青铜器花纹与商代比较类似,但是西周晚期时纹饰趋向于朴素之风;春秋战国时期的青铜器纹饰有清新活泼的感觉;秦时期的青铜器比较注重于器物本身的实用功能。

  5.观察青铜器的做工

  我国古代青铜器的做工应该非常考究,不会出现器型不规整或者做工粗糙的青铜器。

  6.观察青铜器的款识

  关于青铜器的款识主要是从器物的字体加以区别。对历代所使用的字体应该熟记。

  7.用手掂青铜器的重量

  青铜器不应该过重或者过轻。有条件的情况下应该多上手感受同类器物的重量。

  8.仔细听青铜器的声响

  用手轻轻敲击青铜器,听其声响。真正的青铜器敲击起来的声音应该是清脆和悦耳的。如果声响发闷声,而且有浑浊之感,或者有嗡嗡声状就应该多加注意,进一步验证是否是伪品。

 

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