0 Favorites 0 likes 8,438 浏览 1010 个字

 

 

图1 铜像正面

 

  前不久,与一好友聊起古玩,同时说起了他家祖辈收藏至今的一尊明嘉靖铜佛像(图1)。据他回忆:大约是清末民初之际,他的祖父,生前为人敦厚,乐善好施。一次有个衣着褴褛的老汉上门求助,他祖父一看此人憨厚可亲,便收留在家住了一段时间。临别时,此人为感恩,在他祖父家丢了一个小包裹后离开。后来打开一看,原来是留下一尊铜佛像作为回报。祖父对此十分珍惜和喜爱,妥善保管,视为传家宝传给后人。

图2 铜像背面

 

  这尊铜像,经多方考证,确认是一尊道教玄帝铜像。据考:玄帝,又名玄天大帝、真武大帝、北极真君、佑圣真君、玄天上帝、直武荡魔大帝,为道教神仙中赫赫有名的玉京尊神,道教中称它为“镇天真武应灵佑圣帝君”,简称“真武帝君”,民间称荡魔天尊、报恩祖师。其实,“玄帝”在道教文献中出现甚早,东晋中叶杨羲、许谧等撰《上清后圣道君列记》中记载:“上清金阙后主帝君李诸弘元,讳玄水,字山渊,盖地盘之胄,玄帝时人。”此处“玄帝”,是谓地方之水行主神。玄帝为神,至今安徽寿县正阳关还建有玄帝庙,供后人祭祀。信仰玄帝习俗,明朝以后,在全国影响甚大,至近代民间信仰尤为普遍。据传:它是盘古之子,于玉帝退位后任第三任天帝,生有炎黄二帝,曾降世为伏羲,为龙身,中华之祖龙。一说它为北方之神,为水神,为阴阳交感演化万物的特征,同时又为戈之事的主持者,为司命之神。

  这里介绍一下玄帝铜像,通高19.5、底径10.5厘米,质地青铜,包浆自然纯熟,底部中空,属于模铸,工艺精湛,宽额润颐,方圆脸面,肥盈饱满,眉清目秀,带有笑意,稍有胡须,显相端仪,神韵庄严,整个身躯厚实,前襟宽广,外披袈裟,挺胸端坐,下端有一条蛇龟相伴,像背面(图2)下端铸有铭文“张仕古 铸造铜像,玄帝天尊 敬恭春祈保 寿命延长吉祥如意嘉靖二十年记”等字样,可见此铜像为明代嘉靖年间之物无疑。那么该铜像底座上为何雕塑有龟和蛇相伴图呢?中国古代神话中最令妖邪胆颤且法力无边的四大神兽是青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武。玄武亦称玄冥,龟蛇合体,为水神,居北海,龟长寿,玄冥成了长生不老的象征,冥间亦在北方,故为北方之神。而玄武又可通冥间问卜,因此玄武有别于其他三灵,被称为玄天上帝、真武大帝,是道教所奉之神。另外,据考两晋时道士葛洪在《抱朴子内篇·对俗》中曾引用了道书《玉策记》《昌宇经》中的“千岁之龟”“蛇有无穷之寿”等吉语,说明道教也是有追求和宣扬益寿延年、长生不老、吉祥如意的人生哲学。

 

Related recommendations

Li Zhibin, also known as "Xiaoyaō Zi," shares the same name on Douyin and Kuaishou platforms. He is from Sichuan, has a passion for traditional culture, and is dedicated to arts such as poetry, calligraphy, and music...

Wang Shuangyi, courtesy name Yufei, born in Hebei in 1962, a member of the Communist Party of China, graduated with a college degree in calligraphy. Member of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of Ningjin County...

Liu Tianjing, also known as Tian Jin. Male, Han ethnicity, born in May 1968, from Longde County, Ningxia. He has studied the calligraphy and theory of the Two Wangs since childhood. Ningxia Calligraphers Association...

Guo Jindong, currently the Vice President and Chairman of the China Commercial Culture Research Association, a specially appointed researcher at the National Museum of China, former Vice President of the China National Academy of Painting, ...

Liu Keren, courtesy name Zilian, also known as Kuai Xue Tang and Si Qi Zhai. Originally from Weifang City, Shandong Province, he is the branch president of the Baisanheishui Painting Academy and vice president of the China National Painting and Calligraphy Academy.

Wang Rong Artistic Biography A native of Datong, Shanxi, currently residing in Beijing. His courtesy name is Yunshi, and his art name is Yunshanzhongren. Director of the Pinggu District Artists Association, Beijing Shanxi Provincial Artists Association...

Empower content monetization

Elevate your income to a new level

Click to contact customer service

Online time: 8:00-16:00

Customer service QQ

88888888

Customer service phone number

400-888-8888

Customer service email

ceotheme@ceo.com

Scan QR code

Follow the WeChat official account

Scan QR code

Visit this site on your mobile device