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  上世纪80年代的一个金秋季节,笔者会同县文物部门同事,到本县农村进行文物普查。期间,偶然在一户农家发现并征集到一件明末抗清名将史可法的草书碑拓(见图)。随行人员虽然对书法艺术了解不算深入,但想到史可法其人是一位广受后人敬仰、富有高尚民族气节的抗清名将,因而这份碑拓的文物收藏价值,也就不言而喻了。

  该碑拓为宣纸质地,呈旧黄色,墨拓,阴刻,长156、宽35厘米。拓片上文字为“管乐有才原不忝,关张无命欲何如”之联句。落款为“可法为□□祠文”七字,下面钤两枚正方形印章,上面一方为篆体朱文”史可法印”,下面一方已不可识,书法系行草字体,潇洒流利,笔意老练苍劲,刻工亦精,富有帖意。此作品现已入藏安徽望江县博物馆。

  史可法(1602—1645),河南祥符(今开封)人,字宪之,明末抗清名将,崇祯进士,初官员外郎、郎中,后任南京兵部尚书。他治军有方,与部下同甘苦,为军民所信赖。弘光帝政权建立后,任礼部尚书,兼东阁大学士,时称“史阁部”,清兵入关南下,攻打扬州,史可法率领军民奋起抵抗七昼终因寡不敌众,扬州被攻破,官兵全部壮烈牺牲,史可法被俘,清将多铎以高官厚禄诱降,史可法坚贞不屈,终被杀害,后扬州百姓闻之,无不敬佩。遂在城外梅花岑筑建其衣冠冢,以纪念这位具有高尚民族气节的英雄。

  世上任何事物,一般都是事出有因,决非偶然,史可法的这件题诗碑拓,从其内涵上看,是有一定历史背景的。史可法运用了比喻的写作手法述志叹世,上句“管乐有才原不忝”,意思是和三国时诸葛亮“自比管乐”一样,把自己的才智比作春秋战国时期的管仲、乐毅,立志报效国家。后一句“关张无命欲何如”,意思是说,三国时关羽、张飞二位名将,号称“万人敌”,但因历史命运所定,壮志难酬,后来又遭杀身之祸。忆古思今,现在明王朝已亡,自己无力回天,反落得被清兵追杀的处境,也是无可奈何了。这两句诗,可说是当时史可法悲愤心境的真实流露。对史可法其人的政治生涯,稍有历史知识的人,都会略知一二。但对他的书法艺术造诣之深以及吟诗作联的精湛,却鲜为人知。这里笔者不禁回想起史可法一次率领军兵抗击清兵,遭到惨败,途经安徽宿松县白崖寨时即景写下一副名联:“听涧底泉声,呼天地,似歌似泣;看阶前月色,问英雄,还死还生。”联句对仗工稳,情景交融,内容深邃,字里行间,不难管窥到当时史可法在大势已去下抗清复明的悲壮心情。

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