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《敬斋箴》,北京故宫博物院藏  

  沈度(1357—1434),字民则,号自乐,明松江府华亭(上海金山)人,明代宫廷书法大家。少年的时候,沈度刻苦力学,师承陈谷阳,博涉经史,写得一手清新的文章,书法则涉及篆、隶、真、行和八分书,尤其擅长楷书,笔法以婉丽为特色。

  沈度的书法极为深远地影响到明清两代。他的书法尤其受到明成祖朱棣的褒扬,朱棣曾亲口说沈度是“吾朝羲之”,这对于沈度来说,是非常大的荣誉。

  当时的沈度,已官居二品,服金织衣,又赐以镌其姓名的涂金象牙朝笏。“凡金版玉册,或用于朝廷,或藏于秘府,必命度书”,第一流的史料典籍、最高等的诏书,当时总是要找沈度书写,除此以外,朱棣还让其他“中书舍人(相当于朝廷文秘)”,都来学习沈度的字,人们把以他为代表的书体,专门叫作“台阁体”。

  “台阁体”是指因科举制度而形成的一种考场通用字体,以乌黑、方正等为特点。明代称“台阁体”,清代改称“馆阁体”。沈度书法因深受明成祖朱棣赏识,遂致名重朝野,乃至其字“片纸千金”,一字难求。

  宣德炉,是享誉世界的艺术珍品,目前从官窑宣德炉落款来看,专家认为出自沈度之手。

  沈度的书法作品在海峡两岸的北京故宫博物院和台北故宫博物院都有收藏,本期“两岸文博”版,我们从这两家文博机构所收藏的沈度书法作品中精选数件,予以集中展示,以领略沈度的书法艺术魅力。

 

《题陆柬之文赋卷》,台北故宫博物院藏

《归去来辞》,台北故宫博物院藏

沈度书《瑞应麒麟颂》,台北故宫博物院藏

《楷书谦益斋铭页》,北京故宫博物院藏

《楷书四箴页》,北京故宫博物院藏

《行书七律诗》,北京故宫博物院藏

 

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