0 Favorites 0 likes 8,601 浏览 1235 个字

 

 

  细处入精微 豪放多雄奇

  绘画进入明季,笔墨艺术风格出现了两大亮点。一是供奉内府的宫廷画师,另为注重内涵笔墨个性的文人画家。宫廷以李在、戴进、谢环、石锐、周文靖为供奉内府画师代表;文人则以沈周、唐寅、文征明及“青藤白阳”为山林画家主流。可以毫不夸张地说,明代绘画乃继宋元绘画后,又重新凸显出流派纷呈的繁荣景象。供奉内府的宫廷画师李在,就是宣德期最具影响力的杰出画家之一。

  李在(?—1431),明代著名画家,字以政,号一斋,福建莆田人,迁居云南,后召入京。宣德时与戴进、谢环、石锐、周文靖同待诏入直仁殿,为金门画史,被尊为宣帝期最杰出的宫廷画家之一。其精工山水、人物、鞍马。若按画史论,戴进应榜列明季宫廷山水画家第一,这应是不争之理,且戴进在画史上的名气很大,浙派绘画的开山鼻祖,可说是如雷贯耳,对后世影响深远。就知名度而言,后人一般多知道画家戴进之名,而鲜知李在绘画之名。当然其中一个原因,是由于李在存世绘画稀少,故画名不显;而戴进各科绘画皆通,于山水、人物、花鸟、鞍马、虫草无所不善,且山水成就最高。然而戴进秉性刚直,遭谗言逐宫放归。戴进离开后,山水笔墨略逊于戴的李在,顺理成章地跨入了宫廷画家第一。绘画笔墨讲的是真才实学,尤其是效忠朝廷的宫廷画师,如果不是笔墨精逸的真正好手,几乎难以在宫廷内府生存或出名的。明代宫廷画家有几百上千之众,被称为“百工杂流”。他们的身份多来之于民间,不少人多为民间的能工巧匠,有的身怀绝技,有的能作工程浩大的巨幅壁画,多可入名匠画工之列。机遇很重要,有的入宫画匠,一生未见皇上,也就更谈不上“效忠”皇帝了,就是画得再出色,也将永无出头之日。相比之下,李在的运气算拔众的了。

  李在为人十分精明,他决不甘心拾人牙慧,而是想方设法利用自己的绘画专长接近皇上。由于自己不懈的努力,其绘画大作,终于引起了皇上的关注和赏识,而封为金门画史,时常御前伺候。李在于绘画上,非常刻苦勤奋,对宋画名家的艺术真品,常常细心揣摩。其所临历代古画名品,几可与古人绘画神似乱真。李在于山水中,能作“细粗”两种风格:细路学的是北宋绘画大家郭熙;豪放粗笔宗的是南宋时期杰出画家马远、夏圭。李在浸淫前贤笔墨,笔致古劲灵动,功力严谨幽深,细处入精微,豪放多雄奇,内含意境突耸高远,笔墨之势大气巍峨。

  李在这幅《松溪访友图》(见图),绢本设色,尺寸162×88厘米,“百缘堂”珍藏。一般古人绘画中的《松溪访友图》或《溪山访友图》的题材比较多,指的多是高士隐逸林泉的故事。深秋的高山峻岭,古柏苍松,意出奇势,烘托出画面的幽静。远山空蒙的亭台及若隐若现的房宇,深置仙境浩渺的云雾之中。骑马已过曲桥的儒雅文士,携带仆僮四人,兴兴来到多年未曾相见的旧友门前,急命随从轻声叩门,马前的左右小僮,表情神态各异,忠实挑担的老仆,正随后踽踽而行。画面笔势精整雄健,松风高壁峰峦秀拔,山涧溪水,潺潺流过。变幻云烟,仿似梦境一般。李在画中之笔,宗的是李成、郭熙一路细劲雄奇之风。

 

Related recommendations

Li Zhibin, also known as "Xiaoyaō Zi," shares the same name on Douyin and Kuaishou platforms. He is from Sichuan, has a passion for traditional culture, and is dedicated to arts such as poetry, calligraphy, and music...

Wang Shuangyi, courtesy name Yufei, born in Hebei in 1962, a member of the Communist Party of China, graduated with a college degree in calligraphy. Member of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of Ningjin County...

Liu Tianjing, also known as Tian Jin. Male, Han ethnicity, born in May 1968, from Longde County, Ningxia. He has studied the calligraphy and theory of the Two Wangs since childhood. Ningxia Calligraphers Association...

Guo Jindong, currently the Vice President and Chairman of the China Commercial Culture Research Association, a specially appointed researcher at the National Museum of China, former Vice President of the China National Academy of Painting, ...

Liu Keren, courtesy name Zilian, also known as Kuai Xue Tang and Si Qi Zhai. Originally from Weifang City, Shandong Province, he is the branch president of the Baisanheishui Painting Academy and vice president of the China National Painting and Calligraphy Academy.

Wang Rong Artistic Biography A native of Datong, Shanxi, currently residing in Beijing. His courtesy name is Yunshi, and his art name is Yunshanzhongren. Director of the Pinggu District Artists Association, Beijing Shanxi Provincial Artists Association...

Empower content monetization

Elevate your income to a new level

Click to contact customer service

Online time: 8:00-16:00

Customer service QQ

88888888

Customer service phone number

400-888-8888

Customer service email

ceotheme@ceo.com

Scan QR code

Follow the WeChat official account

Scan QR code

Visit this site on your mobile device