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明代仇英《松溪横笛图》  

  这是明代画家仇英所作《松溪横笛图》(见图),纵116、横65.6厘米,绢本设色,南京博物院藏。

  该画作绘写隐居仙境人物,画面为一处静美的深山幽谷,高山耸峙,青峰参天,山下树木葱郁,溪岸老松虬曲,树丛中茅舍隐现;一轮明月高挂,一隐者跣足横笛,泛舟溪上,煞是一派出尘仙境。山石的勾勒与皴法细润绵密,设色柔和,意境深远。

  这幅图既绘画山光水色,也展现安宁仙境,是一幅山水人物并重的作品。画作采用高远布景法,布局繁复,景色怡人。右边山崖突出,崖后峰岫陡峭,景域深远,气势雄伟。山脚下是溪流与茅舍。画面中,巨峰耸立,山势险峻;绿树繁花,枝干遒劲;溪水潺潺,波光粼粼;水草肥美,凸石点缀。画面的重心放在一叶小舟上。只见小舟从松林间轻快地驶出,一隐者披搭衣服,跣足坐于船首,手持横笛,正在悠闲地吹奏,霎时间山林松溪鸟鸣停息,仙乐回荡。小舟遮阳草棚下挂着一壶老酒,隐者身边散摆着一只酒杯,隐者超然自得、与世无争的情怀跃然纸上。

  仇英,字实父,一作实甫,号十洲,太仓(今江苏太仓)人,移家吴县(今江苏苏州)。明代中晚期代表性画家之一,与沈周、文徵明和唐寅被后世并称为“明四家”“吴门四家”。沈、文、唐三家,不仅以画取胜,且佐以诗句题跋,而仇英在其画作上一般只题名款。

  仇英是明代画坛多面手,他笔下的人物、山水、花鸟、楼阁界画,画法苍秀,构思巧妙,笔墨俊雅。

  仇英生活在江南吴浙一代,这是一个商贾云集之地,不仅商品经济发达,绘画需求也很大。他所处的明代中晚期,皇帝昏庸,朝廷腐败,宦官专权,社会充斥的奢靡之气促成当时书画交易市场的繁荣。

  仇英出身工匠,早年为漆工,兼为人彩绘栋宇,后从事绘画。他出身卑微,与普通民众接触甚多,懂得民众的所思所想;成名后逐渐走上专业画家的道路,懂得达官贵族的艺术需求,了解社会上下的生活期待。这是仇英创作仙境人物等题材作品的重要原因。从《松溪横笛图》中意境来看,画家通过景色、人物的铺陈与创造,寄托一种不慕仕途、崇尚自然、乾坤自在、物我两忘的思想。

 

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