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瓶供一枝安石榴  

  高翔(1688—1753),字凤冈,号西唐、樨堂,别号山林外臣。扬州人。在活跃于清中期的“扬州八怪”画家群体中,以山水画出类拔萃而知名。高翔虽然以山水画著称,但他的写意花卉和人物画依然笔意精妙,令人赏心悦目。

  如图所示这幅高翔所绘《折枝榴花图》轴,纸本,纵53.4、横24.5厘米,现藏于南京博物院。高翔喜作园林小景,用笔设色,淡雅出尘,韵味独特,在这幅画上,布景疏朗简洁而新颖,除了一枝石榴折枝向上生长,再无其他景物相衬,但丝毫不影响画面的艺术效果,以及画意的完整表达。作者没有突出石榴树之全貌,而是选取一竿枝条,简笔勾勒,皴染并用,只见枝干弯折生长,虽然细小,却尽显榴枝柔韧不易折断的特性;枝叶纷披,明暗交错,苍翠欲滴。一朵榴花开在高处,数只还未熟透的黄色石榴挂在枝叶间,姿态俯仰各异,各具风采。整个画面构图简练,设色恬淡,秀润雅致,充满生趣。画左侧有作者的一首题画诗,道出了作者作画的旨趣所在。诗曰:“老父携孙湖水头,绿杨深处看行舟。残书手握午窗下,瓶供一枝安石榴。”诗句紧扣画意,既刻画了高翔含饴弄孙于户外行走时“绿杨深处看行舟”的绕膝之乐,亦描述了折一枝石榴带回家插于瓶中观赏的怡然情趣。观作者款识,作此图时间“壬戌”年为清乾隆七年(1742),高翔时年54岁,此画为其晚年时期作品,且为右手残废后左手所绘。

  安石榴是石榴的别称,原产波斯(今伊朗)一带,公元前二世纪传入我国,遂广泛种植。据西晋张华编撰《博物志》记述:“汉张骞出使西域,得涂林安石国榴种以归,故名安石榴。”唐代著名诗人元稹《感石榴二十韵》的诗句“何年安石国,万里贡榴花。迢递河源道,因依汉使槎”,就道出了安石榴这一植物的来历。西晋著名文学家潘岳在《安石榴赋》中赞之:“榴者,天下之奇树,九州之名果。”石榴树姿优美,枝叶秀丽,婀娜多姿,既繁花似锦可供观赏,又果实累累可供食用,是观赏性花木,多种植于园林、庭院之中,亦有盆栽,高翔折枝插瓶,即是用于室内观赏的意趣。

  高翔博学多才,诗、书、篆刻方面亦颇有建树。作诗格调不落寻常蹊径,超凡脱俗。篆刻刀法师程邃,质朴苍劲,与高凤翰、潘西凤、沈凤等印人并称“四凤”。其书法工八分,晚年尤为老辣,清代画家、诗人蒋宝龄在其画史传《墨林今话》中,称之“晚年右手废,以左手书,字奇古,为世宝之”。在这幅作品中,高翔题诗、款识书法古拙,三行文字几乎占去一半画面,由上及下,有的几欲要撑出画幅之外,夸张之下墨迹淋漓,清奇高古,隐隐有飘逸出尘之姿,为画面增添了无限的翰墨情趣。

  纵观此图,作者用笔洗练,看似简笔草草,实则意味深长,疏枝瘦干,自然生动,画简意深。高翔布衣一生,卖画扬州,所作大多墨色苍润,笔意简远,取景幽雅,风格清秀简静,表达了作者淡泊名利、安贫乐道、洁身自好的思想情趣。

 

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