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图1 《春江水暖图》扇面  

  晚清时期,在江苏扬州地区文化艺术领域盛行着“扬州三绝”之说,即吴让之(熙载)的书法篆刻、龚午亭的评话说书、陈若木(崇光)的丹青墨画。

图2 《梅菊稚鹊图》扇面

  陈若木(1838—1896),原名炤,字崇光,更字若木、栎生,号纯道人,江苏扬州人。初为雕花匠人,后拜虞蟾为师。1853年3月,太平军攻克南京,改名天京,定为都城。随其师虞蟾应招一同前往天京(今南京)为太平军王府绘制壁画。在天京期间,他的职能之一是管理宋元书画,有幸多见名家真迹,画艺锐进,也使得日后他的作品“富宋元气韵”。其山水、人物、花卉俱能,成为广采百家而集其大成的晚清扬州画坛巨匠。太平天国失败后回到扬州,以卖画为生。光绪十三年(1887)黄宾虹曾在扬州盐运使署任录事时从其学花鸟画,受其影响至深,推崇其“极合古法,沉雄浑厚”。吴昌硕赞其“笔古法严,妙意从草篆中流出”。陈若木不仅书画兼备,且精于诗,著有《一沤吟馆诗集》。

  本文就来欣赏两幅由安庆市博物馆收藏的陈若木书画扇面,从中可以一窥其深厚的艺术功底。

  其一为《春江水暖图》(图1),题款曰:“竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知;蒌蒿满地芦芽短,正是河豚欲上时。青叔尊兄大人雅正 陈崇光。”钤朱文印:陈伯子。此幅诗意画图绘河岸溪滩,新篁数枝,桃花初放,水草丰茂,嬉戏的水禽,形态各异,生动活泼,用笔细腻,画面动静结合,一幅春江水暖、春回大地的景象跃然眼前。画面清新亮丽,设色淡雅。附诗原为苏轼题崇惠和尚所画《春江晚景图》时所作,传颂久远,极负盛名,动与静,诗与画得到了完美的融合。

  其二为《梅菊稚鹊图》(图2),款识曰:“茶农六兄大人雅政。若木 陈崇光。”钤白文印:若木。陈若木其花鸟画,早年以工笔见长,后取法徐渭(青藤)、朱耷(八大山人)的写意法,笔墨趋于简逸放纵,设色明净淡雅,格调明快温馨。此幅作品笔法正是如此,其枝干均写意而成,花卉双钩,自然粗放,稚鹊登梅,生动传神,下笔精致,略施淡彩,清新自然,堪称陈若木的精品代表作之一。

 

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