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  清代书法家张照作传奇《劝善金科》《升平宝筏》,规模宏大,各有240出,供宫廷搬演,开“连台本戏”之先河。戏曲研究家星煜评价张照的戏剧创作说:“他是中国连续剧的创始者,无可争议。”“事实上《劝善金科》和《升平宝筏》对昆剧、京剧以及各种地方戏的影响远比人们所想象的大得多”,“如果当年张照没有编写这两部240出的连续剧,我们所看到的杨小楼、郑长泰、盖叫天、张翼鹏的猴戏就不会有那么丰富多彩”。一个书法家在戏曲领域能取得如此辉煌的成就,这本身就是一个奇迹。乾隆曾评价他的书法说:“羲之后一个,舍照谁能若,即今观其迹,宛似成于作,精神贯注深,非人所能学。”世人称张照“名楼、妙文、好字”,合为“三绝”。乾隆元年以挟私误军罪等廷议当斩,因才华出众被乾隆帝特赦。

  张照性地高明,深通释典,诗多禅语。擅长行楷书,书法初学董其昌,中年出入颜、米。乾隆初年所谓的“御书”匾额和书画题跋多由他代笔。当时朝廷编一统志,录国朝松江府人物却没有张照,地方政府向朝廷反映这个情况,朝廷重新发了命令把他补进说:“照虽不醇,而资学明敏,书法精工,为海内所共推,瑕瑜不掩,其文采风流不当泯没也。” 乾隆九年,奉命与梁诗正等鉴别宫廷所藏历代书画,分类编成《石渠宝笈》,是集清宫书画收藏之精华编撰而成的一部大型书画著录,收录上迄魏晋,下至清初近两千年书画名家最优秀的书画作品达一万两千余种,是中华民族历史和艺术史上珍贵的文化遗产。书法汇刻有《天瓶斋帖》。手迹有《行书东坡诗》《临米帖》。

  张照书法得母舅王鸿绪亲授,不一意守师法,而是努力创新,特别是率真之作,更显得变化多端,精彩动人。楷书字体秀媚婉丽,平正圆润,是清代“馆阁体”代表。草书笔画转折多变,结字聚散适宜,气势贯通,浑朴雄健。北京故宫博物院收藏有一幅张照行书七律诗轴(见图),纸本,行书,纵143.7、横54.8厘米,下钤“张照之印”“瀛海仙琴”印2方。引首钤“既醉轩”印。无鉴藏印。款署“张照”。释文:“安石榴花开最迟,绛裘深树出幽菲。吾庐想见无限好,客子倦游何不归。坐上一尊虽得满,古来四事巧相违。今人却忆湖边寺,垂柳阴阴昼揜扉。张照。”此轴行笔圆转流畅,方圆兼施,墨色浓润,笔笔到位,偶出枯笔于牵丝回环处,更显神采飞扬,写出了节奏上的变化,难寻败笔。如第二行“庐相见”三字,一气呵成,苍劲有力,很是精彩,这也是张照书法作品的经典之处。融董其昌疏朗闲逸的布白和颜真卿淳厚敦朴的笔致于一体,气息通透,极有观感,呈现出自家风貌。清邵松年在《张天瓶临苏长公养生论卷》中题曰:“本朝画山水以麓堂司农为第一,书法则首推张文敏。生平遇两公书画,度力所能致者,必购致之。历年既久所聚渐多,因捡旧所得者与伯英分藏之,将来传示后人又是一重翰墨因缘也。”

  对于张照书法不足的批评,多集中在“乏韵”和“俗笔”两方面。清阮元《石渠随笔》说:“司寇书自是我朝一大家,然有剑拔弩张之处……余见其书多种,又收得临全本《九成宫》及小楷多种,功力可佩,然竟不能脱俗,殊不可解。”近人沙孟海《近三百年的书学》中说张照:“他是学乡先辈董其昌的字出身的,他不比陈元龙的死学董字。他见到那时学董字的变本加厉,越发浮薄了,所以有意写得放纵些,装出一副剑拔弩张的状态来,一则免得与人雷同,二则也是他的个性如此。”按现在的话说,就是写得太做作小心了,一板一眼,变化不够,刻意迎合他人口味,字与字的连接呼应有些地方显得唐突了。如第四行的“事”字写完,又另起笔写“巧”字,其实是完全可以把这两个字连起来写,至少可以做到笔断意连,这也是“馆阁体”的通病。

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