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  “南宋院画”对整个后世画坛的影响是非常巨大的!延自明季,尤其是明初期间,朝廷政权稳定,百姓安居乐业。为广纳天下英才,这其中,供奉内廷的画工能手,绝对是必不可少的。画工能手,虽非朝廷选翰林那么层层严密,然对于画工的绘画笔墨技法要求,依然是非常之高的。林良就是这画工能手中,被选人宫廷内府,较为突出的花鸟“圣手”之一。

  林良(1428—1494),字以善,广东佛山(一说广东南海)人,明代著名花鸟画家,天顺中供奉内廷。初入内府,其画技身份尚不凸显,而官至“仁智殿”地位又十分卑微,平素之行,多于百工杂流为伍聚集一堂。因属普通画工之列,可以说,画技才能几乎无法展现给皇上,更别说有机会亲近了。但林良还算是画家当中比较幸运的一位,不出多时,便被授予锦衣卫镇抚,官六品衔。(明代对于画工,一般封官衔都是比较低的。说白了,也比较乱,锦衣卫镇抚是武衔官职,虽及六品,然无实权)但它好歹是六品,有了这个职务,画家就算熬出了头。只要头脑灵活点,能奉诏侍君作画,接近皇上的机会就多了,林良十分珍惜这来之不易的绝好机会。由于其画技精湛、笔墨超群,故而,深受皇上和王公大臣们的赏识。林良热爱生活,钟情于大自然,自认为“绘画之技,切不可闭门造车。一定要去秀山美景中讨生活,此方得大自然之真趣!”在绘画笔墨中,林良工写皆善,从其传世的绘画真迹来看,工笔花鸟存世非常珍罕,一般多收藏于国内外几家大型博物馆。而其写意花鸟,存世量相比要多些。林良所制各类禽鸟,多不喜设色,传世品均以墨本为主流。此可看出画家创作思想之独特个性!工笔花鸟敷色之艳丽,林良并非不画,那是画家在脱离百工杂流,升任六品官衔之后,而为了能亲近皇上和王公大臣们,也曾奉旨,为朝廷画过不少设色艳丽的工笔花鸟精品。画家画技如不超群出众,何能博得朝廷之器重。这也不是画家为了显摆自己,是为了稳定的生计和光宗耀祖。写意墨本花鸟,也最能体现出画家的真实个性,百鸟之天性灵动,笔墨之清润酣畅,让空寂宽广的山林深处,多了许多大自然的生活野趣!画评“林良吕纪,天下无比”。林良画初承黄筌,边景昭一路,后汲取徐熙法。古有“黄筌富贵,徐熙野逸”之说。那么林良对于南宋院画的继承,是道脉正传的。在继承画派的基础上,入古而鼎新,这是画家在思想上和笔墨中的深深突破!他是明季院体花鸟画中的杰出代表人物。同时,又是明代水墨写意花鸟画派的积极开拓者。其写意花鸟于明季院画中独树一帜,对后世画坛影响巨大!明代中期“明四家”的沈周、唐寅,在花鸟画上,多于林良工写笔法中汲取营养。后期的“青藤白阳”“八大”“八怪”等,在继承林良笔墨的基础上,稍变即新,清润“墨彩”让后画坛所津津乐道!

  林良这幅《秋树聚禽图》(见图),绢本设色,尺寸153×77厘米,今藏广州美术馆。画面构图精整,笔墨超逸,虽满,则“疏可走马”,实可喻画家铭心之精逸上品。画面虽喻设色,实则仅“宝石蓝”点苔而已。多为墨色工中带写。“折叉股”写主干,用浓墨出,分枝穿行之自然,枝叶疏密之散淡,让秋季之树,略显生命之顽强。两节修长的青竹,曲而不弯,节中的淡墨显得清韵而高古。南飞的群鸟,立于树上顾盼相依,有的远视,有的打盹,有的偎依。画面突出的是,诸禽鸟的“饥”和“寒”!笔墨清润而具灵性,放逸简淡而不失遒劲,似如草书跌宕起伏之笔致!明代著名诗人李空同曾有诗赞林良“林良写鸟只用墨,开缣半扫风云墨。水禽陆禽各臻妙,挂出满堂皆动色”。足见评价之高!

  林良所出笔墨,多写古木寒林。用笔纵横排奡,任意挥洒,以求超然拔俗之境!

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