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  纵观元代书法,占主导地位的仍然是“二王”一路的书风。“二王”书风对元人书法的影响是很大的,这里除了大书家赵孟钤谖取“二王”笔法基础上进行个人创造、取得巨大成就外,其他如鲜于枢、康里子山等人也都是以“二王”法书为根基进行拓展的,从而在中国书法史上占有重要一席。元代大家段天祐在这种时风下,自然也受到“二王影响”,亦步亦趋,自始自终无法走出元代的主流圈子。

  东汉,人们开始重视收藏名家手迹,书家所书短札尺牍受到世人珍藏的,就称之为“帖”。唐人张怀瓘《法书要录》就行草运用之于尺牍有精彩论述:“或四海尺牍,千里相闻,迹乃含情,言唯叙事。披封不觉,欣然独笑,虽则不面,其若面焉。妙用玄通,邻于神化……”确实,得友人手札仿佛面晤,读信时不禁莞尔一笑。友人如果不是书画名家,那么也许只能从尺牍中品藻其馥郁墨香了。这件由北京故宫博物院收藏的元人段天祐的《安和帖》册页(见图),为纸本,纵27.3、横54.5厘米,行书,21行,共203字,是段天祐写给好友起善的书信。释文如下:“天佑顿首书奉起善贤契友执事:小林回,领书,承近候安和为喜。贱疾回杭又两发矣。二月上旬后又苦痎疟,寒暑交战,狼狈不可言。此岂俗谚所谓横赛者耶。书籍许以宽限,甚感。张子昭近来杭,解后陈思复书铺内所假书,亦曾亲与之言,明当并起善者同纳矣。师夔画帧不敢有忘,已嘱其人平昔厚善者,俟其至,即从求之。臈糟谨奉一坛,泥头上有题识。香楠木欲作少器皿,截开作正白色者不可用,烦更为物色。如沉香颜色者,价钱比前买者加贵无伤。因官窑季子良有行,灯下草草奉此。春寒祈善爱。不具。天祐顿首再拜。”信中谈及自己的诸多病况、归还起善等人书籍、为起善向师夔求画、请起善为自己物色木料等等。信里涉及起善、张子昭、师夔等人。此帖精致平和,堪称典范,又从米芾书风中取法。这件《安和帖》所钤项元汴、安岐、何子彰、谭敬、完颜景贤、赵叔彦等人鉴藏印记及《墨缘汇观》《三虞堂书画目》著录来看,段天祐可能在元代为官。但有一点可以肯定,段天祐做的不是大官,从帖中他的语气即可窥得。

  元人书法受赵孟钣跋欤宗“二王”的较多,虽然有另辟蹊径者,但不占主导地位。段天祐这件行书以“二王”为本,吸收了一些米法,但少得可怜,因米芾也出自“二王”,所以在这里段氏只把米芾作为临写“二王”法书的一种参照而已。段天祐此帖运笔娴熟老练,潇洒畅达,秀润遒媚,节奏变化明显,但更多的是中规中矩的行书写法,字与字之间连笔节奏加快,并不太多,只有第8行“书籍许”、第11行前三个字“起善者”、第17行“更为物之”等三字或四字连笔,犹显畅达圆润,可爱生动。不足的是晋人那简远冲淡的气息几乎找不到了,所以在气韵格调上逊晋人太多。书法可学,但气息是无法学来的,如帖中的“月”和“疾”,都是右军帖中的字,但只有形似,而没有神采。此外,帖里还有一种难以言说的习气,也就是作者过于做作,行笔并未全身心的放开,刻意追求魏晋风韵,反而弄巧成拙,匠气太足。所以我们时常讲字的雅与俗、好与坏和一般书家与大书家有什么区别,这些都不取决于作品的表象,而取决于作品所能呈现的境界,“无意于佳乃佳”这对于书法是一个千古不变的真理。

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