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  ◆ 何为古籍善本

  目前所说的古籍善本,主要包括刻本、墨迹本、碑帖、印谱、信札以及其他文献。刻本是使用雕版技术印制的书籍,其顶峰期的宋元刻本在流通市场上已廖廖无几,继而由明清及民国时期的精刻本引领风潮;墨迹本为文人稿本、手抄本等,一般存世量稀少,且多为孤本;碑帖、印谱、信札、文人墨迹等,是近年来古籍拍场上重要的品种,其中明清名家或现当代名人信札尤受欢迎。

  ◆ 古籍善本收藏原则

  古籍收藏的原则:除了看年代外,还要注意刻本优于印本,初刻优于翻刻,套色优于单色,图画优于文字。随着印刷技术的日新月异,除了进入图书馆、博物馆等专业机构收藏保护外,流通于民间的线装古籍日益稀少,能称得上是“善本”的线装古籍更是屈指可数。历史上流传下来的雕版线装古籍,已成为不可再生的社会资源,稀缺性可见一斑。收藏古籍善本,不仅要有一定的经济实力,还应具备深厚的文化功底、鉴伪欣赏能力和市场分析能力。

  ◆ 辨别伪籍善本

  古籍善本收藏市场的赝品虽没有字画杂项多,但冒名人批校、加盖伪章、残本充全、挖改描补、撕去序跋的事也时有发生。制作古籍伪本必须将纸做旧,方法有两类:一是染纸,用各种方法将纸染成黄褐色,以求使纸显旧色。二是旧纸新作,如果作伪者存有古纸,就可在纸上新印古书内容,然后订成“古籍”,这种作伪方法尽管较少,但却使人很难从纸上辨别真假。一些重复刻印本上,除保留有原书的序跋外,又增刻新的序跋,序跋后还写有姓名、年月等。这些都表明了书籍的真实年代。作伪者往往裁掉对其作伪不利的序跋,或涂改其中的年代,也有重新伪造对其作伪有利的序跋。

  ◆ 如何选择古籍善本

  对于收藏者来说,主要选择好的拍卖行,并且寻找以往的拍卖成交,才能最大程度地避免赝品的风险。手工制版与原书总有差别,而扫描可以使伪书与原书分毫不差,一切细节都能很好得以体现,这无疑使得古籍善本拍卖更具挑战性,选择古籍善本,更要注重细节。

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