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丰子恺《注意力集中》

  20世纪30年代的一天早晨,著名漫画家丰子恺翻开上海的《新闻报》,一篇题为《丰子恺画画不要脸》的文章赫然入目。他不免大吃一惊,心想,素来与人无冤无仇,何以这样对他破口大骂,因而怒不可遏。待到披阅全文,继而他发出了会心的微笑。

丰子恺《村学校的音乐课》

丰子恺《云霓》

丰子恺《家住夕阳江上村》

  原来,这篇文章当时是评论丰子恺先生漫画的特点,他的作品中人物的脸部没有眼睛和鼻子,却也惟妙惟肖。且以丰子恺先生《村学校的音乐课》一画为例,说画中孩子们一个个张大了嘴巴,跟着拉二胡的先生唱歌。仔细一看,画面上的人物却少了眼睛和鼻子。

  其实,孩子们没有眼晴,这并非画家的疏忽,也并非孩子们一个个都是瞎子。从他们在课堂上扬着头、张着嘴唱歌的神态中,我们能感受到孩子们此刻正沉浸在唱歌带来的欢乐中,眼前的一切似乎都消失了,这纯粹是一种意境的描绘。也许大家都有过这种经历,即当人们进入到某种意境时,一路上再好看的东西,即使看在眼里,也印不到脑子里,事后什么也回忆不起来,这就到了一种视而不见的程度。画家笔下的孩子们其实都是有眼睛和鼻子的,只是强调了听觉的作用,淡化了视觉的作用,最后干脆把孩子们的眼睛和鼻子都抹掉了。这种视觉淡化,强化了听觉的作用,收到了画外音的效果,这实际上是一种夸张的技巧。丰子恺先生把这种夸张技巧,运用得恰到好处。也就是说,他的淡化、省略是艺术的处理,极具分寸。不信,你在他这幅漫画的人物脸蛋上添上一笔眼睛和鼻子看看,整个画面就被糟蹋得不成样子了。亚洲第一位诺奖获得者、印度大诗人泰戈尔曾这样称赞过丰子恺的这种画法:“用寥寥几笔,写出人物个性。脸上没有眼睛,我们可以看出他在看什么;没有耳朵,可以看出他在听什么,高度艺术所表现的境地,就是这样。”

  时隔30多年,上世纪60年代初,丰子恺先生在与友人的交谈中,还曾谈起这段往事,并能清晰地记起文章的发表年月和作者的名字。

 

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