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  在艺术品鉴定中,书画鉴定是比较复杂的一个门类,因为它既涉及内在的书写气质、艺术风格等诸多方面,又要考察纸张、装裱等外在因素;既需要目鉴的经验,有时又需要科鉴来进行辅助鉴定,可谓十八般武艺都要用上。

  笔者以为,在书画艺术品的鉴定上,要以历史作为参照,应熟练掌握历史知识,把握住书画艺术品的时代风格。正如书画鉴定家朱万章所言,每个时代的书画都有那个时代的风格,就拿对联来说,从现存的对联墨迹来看,写在宣纸上的对联最早出现于明代后期。

  照朱万章先生这个观点,书写于宣纸上的对联墨迹是不可能早于明后期的。在平时的书画鉴藏中,假如我们偶然间发现了一件对联是“元四家”之首的黄公望所书,就要在脑子里打一个大大的问号了。

  众所周知,珍藏于北京故宫博物院的《游春图》是隋代画家展子虔唯一存世的画作,这也是迄今所发现的中国最早的山水画。站在书画鉴定的角度,这幅画就是一个最好的参照。从这幅画和之后唐代王维的山水画作来看,都没有出现明显的皴擦技法,它们是中国早期山水画作的典型特征。掌握了这些基本的历史知识,以这些时代风格作为参照,我们在书画鉴定上就不会迷失。如果有人出示南北朝时期甚至更早的东晋时期画家的山水画作,我们就要大胆存疑、不可轻信了。

  历史是书画鉴定的一面明镜。在平时的书画鉴藏中,我们接触大量真真假假的书画作品,以历史为参照,用历史的眼光去综合审视和考察,才不会被赝品书画所欺骗。笔者见过一些古旧书画经营者,他们常常把一些来自日本的书画作品当作中国书画家作品来售卖。有的作品明显带有日本书画家的艺术风格,外观也属于日本装裱的形制,可是商家却坚称这是中国古代书画家的作品,明显属于自欺欺人!

  中华文化传播在日本有悠久的历史和渊源。随着经济和文化交流的加深,明清以降,中国书画艺术在日本得到广泛传播,许多日本书画家以中国书画家作品为范本进行创作,大量人物、山水画作都带有中国书画艺术的影子,这种艺术风气一直流传至今。近些年来,由于国际贸易的持续拓展,大批日本日用商品涌入国门,其中也包括大量的日本书画家作品。综合来看,日本书画比中国书画的市场价位要低。假如商家把日本书画充当中国书画售卖,便要特别小心、注意辨别、勿入圈套。

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