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  陶器是随着史前人类进入新石器时代而出现的,泥土或粘土经火焙烧后而变硬,促使原始先民有意识地用泥土制作并焙烧成他们所需的器物。灰陶是我国最早出现的陶器种类,因表面呈灰色或灰黑色而得名,以新石器时代至汉代最为流行。这里首先介绍的就是出土于太仓维新遗址的几何印纹灰陶罐(见图)。

  2003年夏发现的太仓双凤维新遗址为一处良渚文化到马桥文化的早期文化遗址,位于距今六千年形成古冈身(古代海岸线)上,发掘出土有新石器时代的陶片、石器、骨器等遗物,并发现了土台、柱洞、草木灰等遗迹现象。几何印纹灰陶罐在遗址编号为T2413探方的红烧土堆积下层发现。

  灰陶分泥制灰陶和夹砂灰陶两种,该器即为陶土经过淘洗的泥质灰陶,高25、口径20、底径9厘米,敞口,立领,短颈,溜肩,鼓腹,圜底,肩腹部拍印有几何印纹,几何印纹陶较一般陶器细腻而坚硬。此器属当时的一种盛水器,容量较大,器型端庄,给人以饱满、柔和的感觉,考古专家确认它为马桥文化的典型器物。

  马桥文化是发现于上海闵行马桥镇的古文化遗址,年代距今约3800年—3200年,陶器以泥制红褐陶、泥制灰陶、黑陶为主,且陶器器表普遍拍印几何印纹为显著特征,太仓维新遗址出土的几何印纹灰陶罐完全符合上述特征。尤其重要的是在该陶罐出土位置以下的文化层中还发现了良渚文化遗存,不但填补了太仓原始文化的空白,而且充分说明早在4500多年前太仓的先民们就已过着定居生活,创造着古老的原始文化,从而揭开了太仓历史的序幕。因此马桥文化的几何印纹灰陶罐成为目前太仓远古文化的代表性器物。

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