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陈星灿研究员现场展示介绍裴李岗遗址出土的代表性遗存石铲

  位于河南新郑的“考古圣地”裴李岗遗址最新研究确认,该遗址面积可达5万至6万平方米,更加科学准确的新的测年结果表明,裴李岗遗址距今8200-7700年,延续时间约500年,是区域内使用时间较长的中心聚落。

考古专家学者聚焦裴李岗遗址出土的代表性遗存乳丁纹陶鼎

  同时,裴李岗遗址西边新发现距今3万年左右的旧石器晚期遗存,其堆积厚度达225厘米,分布面积超过5000平方米,这大大提升了裴李岗遗址的内涵和地位。

  中国社会科学院考古研究所、郑州市文物考古研究院11月2日举办裴李岗遗址现场座谈会,正式对外发布双方共同完成的裴李岗遗址考古发掘研究上述最新进展。

裴李岗遗址工地负责人、中国社科院考古研究所李永强助理研究员展示介绍出土的代表性遗存乳丁纹陶鼎

  裴李岗遗址工地负责人、中国社科院考古研究所李永强助理研究员介绍说,裴李岗遗址总体保存较差,遗址地层关系确认了红黏土层属生土堆积,裴李岗墓葬全部开口在耕土层或扰土层下,打破红黏土层,较深的墓葬打破水波纹层甚至红沙土层,也说明遗址堆积曾经历较复杂的过程。

  红黏土生土层的确认,说明裴李岗人群是在大暖期后相当长时间才选择裴李岗遗址定居。后续对遗址周边进一步开展地质环境考察,将对复原裴李岗遗址古环境、古气候、地质地貌及水文条件提供更科学的资料。

  他指出,在裴李岗遗址南部新发现墓葬破坏十分严重,多已见到破碎的随葬品,目前尚不清楚其分布范围及面积大小。新墓葬的发现,对裴李岗遗址的使用时间、人口规模、繁荣程度产生新认识,需要进一步调查和发掘。

裴李岗遗址新发现的一处旧石器晚期遗存发掘探方

  此外,裴李岗遗址动物遗存初步鉴定有较多鱼骨、发现有龟甲碎片等,对研究裴李岗时期食物生产阶段人群生计结构、农业起源和初步发展、动物驯养等方面将提供新认识。

  李永强说,裴李岗遗址旧石器晚期遗存堆积深厚、连续,以黄土堆积为主,保存状况较好,对研究中原地区旧石器晚期生业经济、社会发展程度十分重要,值得进一步发掘。

裴李岗遗址一处考古发掘探方

  中国社科院考古研究所所长、裴李岗遗址项目负责人陈星灿研究员表示,根据最新考古发掘研究,初步判断裴李岗遗址仍然处于采集狩猎为主、可能兼有少量农业生产食物阶段。与新发现的旧石器晚期遗存相比,裴李岗时期小石片、细石器工艺明显衰落,陶器大量使用,磨制石器得到普遍运用,为研究中原地区新旧石器过渡、寻找新石器早期遗存提供了新的线索。

  据了解,裴李岗遗址在20世纪70年代末曾进行过3次发掘,发现文化层、公共墓地及少量灰坑及陶窑,出土一批具有典型特征的遗物,以该类遗存为代表的文化被命名为裴李岗文化。

 

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