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烧香点茶,挂画插花

四般闲事,不宜累家

  纵观中国古代历史,真正能担得起风雅二字的,大概只有宋朝,这个弥漫着淡淡烟灰色,以文艺著称的朝代。

  宋代注重“文治”,是中国古代文明的高峰期,从宋朝被欧美学者称为“东方的文艺复兴”这一点,足以见得宋朝的人文艺术水平以及宋朝在中国艺术史上的地位。

  在社会人文艺术的影响下,宋代士大夫普遍追求隐逸的生活,亦官亦隐成了当时的一种社会风尚。

  宋人吴自牧在其笔记《梦粱录》记载: “烧香点茶,挂画插花,四般闲事,不宜累家”,点明了宋代文人雅致生活中不可或缺的“四艺”。

味:点茶之妙
 

  点茶法是宋代最为盛行的饮茶之法,此法不仅为宋代时斗茶所用,茶人吃茶也用此法。

  点茶法是先将饼茶碾碎,置于碗中,以少量沸水冲点入碗,将茶末调成膏状,然后执壶往茶盏中点水,同时以茶筅快速搅拌茶汤,使之泛起汤花。

  点茶法使人们品尝到了茶叶本身的味道,使唐朝饮茶而不知茶味的煮茶法随时代渐渐远去。

嗅:焚香之雅
 

  中国焚香历史悠久,历代不少的文人墨客皆爱香成癖,不仅品香吟香,甚至广罗香坊,研究香的制作,这便是香道文化的雏形。

  中国香道在唐朝已基本成形,到了宋代,香文化开始融入人们的日常生活,并成为文人雅士生活中必不可缺的一部分。

  文人雅客聚集之时,品香抚琴,吟诗作画。氤氲的香气,不仅使人心旷神怡,更是将幽静风雅的氛围推向了极致。

  “隔火焚香”是宋朝最为盛行的焚香方式,因不直接点燃香品,使得香味低回悠长,经久不息。现今的香道也多用此法。

触:插花之趣
 

  插花源于古代汉族民间的佩花簪花,在我国已有近2000年的历史。

  插花在唐朝时已经盛行,到宋朝时期,由于文人的喜爱,插花艺术发展极盛,并在民间得到了普及。

  不同于唐朝插花的富丽堂皇,宋朝的插花艺术讲究清雅,高低错落,疏密聚散,皆按植物的自然形态布局,被视为天人合一的融合,对内涵的重视更甚于形式。

视:挂画之道
 

  中国式的雅致生活,当然离不开书画的装点。

  关于挂画的记载,最早遇见唐代茶圣陆羽的《茶经》,指挂关于茶的相关画作,以表现茶事为主。

  宋代以后,宋太祖赐茶肆画图当为饮茶挂画的始由,此后挂画的题材才渐渐广泛,挂画赏画更成为文人雅集中必不可少的一项活动。

  茶肆挂书画或茶前挂画是对品茗环境的营造,使人们在饮茶之时能平静下来,于画中世界,寻乾坤日月之趣。释放心中的郁积不快,以自然之心,品啜茶的真味。

  宋时风雅已然远去,然而点茶、焚香、插花、挂画之中所蕴涵的生活意趣,却并没有随着时间走远。

  时至今日,茶、香、花、画依然贯穿于我们的生活之中,我们依旧可以从中感受到生活的美之所在。

  拾文化(ID:shiyafengshe),以理性的姿态看待人和物,以文化的底色,传达情感、新知、文化和生活。文化改变生活,信仰照进心灵。

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