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  中国古代金银器在历史文物中占有重要的地位,也是中国传统文化的载体。金银器自古以来被视作贵重之物,而我国先秦时期的金银器制作工艺更是惊艳了世人,今天紫色百合香为您浅谈国宝档案-先秦时期金银器,使您了解先秦时期的金银器,品鉴金银器文化。

  一、金银器概述

  金银器在我国悠久的历史文化中一直处于重要的地位。金银器作为贵重金属,具有天然的色泽且不容易氧化的特点,延展性良好,适宜制成各种工艺品。金银器打造的器物彰显皇家雍容华贵,奢华气派的一面,所以,金银器物多被古代的王公贵族所使用。

  二、夏代金银器

  甘肃省玉门的夏代古墓中出土了铸造粗糙的金耳环,这件金制品虽然制作工艺不精良,但是却是我国最早的金饰品。

  三、商代金银器

  商代金器以装饰品居多,器物类较少见,河南安阳殷墟古墓中出土了金片、金叶、金箔等饰品,而且三星堆遗址的金器在商代文化遗址中较为丰富。金器数量多,形体大,种类繁多,这些充分说明了金饰品在商代贵族中已经广泛使用,但这时并没有发现银器的踪迹。

  四、西周金银器

  西周时期的古人并不崇尚奢华之风,因而金饰品非常少见。虽然少见,但并不是空白,西周时期的金制品主要出现在三门峡的虢国墓中出土。出土的金带饰为镂空工艺,华丽而精美。

  成套的金饰品也已经在西周时期流行,而且金平脱工艺、錾刻工艺在西周已经出现,根据墓葬出土的实物情况观察,金饰品在不同的地域会出土不一样的品类,如北方地区多出土金耳环等首饰类制品,中原地区和西南地区多出土用于贴在器物上的金箔片等等。西周时期也没有发现有银饰品。

  五、春秋战国金银器

  春秋战国时期黄金和白银的产量有了明显提升的趋势,黄金在贵族人群中使用的频率较多。

  黄金的用途可以说非常多,可以是来往人情之用,贿赂官员之用、祭祀之用或者是战争的战利品。

  春秋战国时期的金银器多以带钩的形式出现。金银镶嵌的工艺运用,使得春秋战国时期的金银器发展更为顺畅。

  这时期的金银器在我国的分布范围比广,南北方的墓葬中均有出土,而且也出现了金银器皿。其中匈奴墓葬中出土的的器物比较具有民族风格。

  六、战国精品-鎏金嵌玉镶琉璃银带钩

  1951年在我国辉县出土了一件鎏金嵌玉镶琉璃银带钩,这件精美的文物是战国时期魏国的国宝-银带钩。长为18.7厘米,宽为4.9厘米。

  这件带钩器型较大,为琵琶形状,银托底。带钩通体饰以鎏金,夔龙纹缠绕两侧作为装饰,钩头是青玉质地,眼、鼻、角等部位刻画生动。钩身铸有浮雕式兽首和长尾鸟,钩身正面有3块玉玦,玉玦中心镶有美丽的琉璃珠。

  这件带钩的纹饰繁褥,制作工艺非常复杂、运用了鎏金、镶嵌、凿刻等多种技艺于一体,玉石结合等各类材质巧妙地搭配使用,体现了战国匠人的独特构思和钻研精神。不同色彩之间形成了强烈的对比效果,色调和谐。

  整件器物雍容华贵,用料考究、奢华,这样优美的带钩造型称得上是战国时期的精粹作品,反映了战国时期高超的制作工艺水平。

 

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