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图1 “工政府屯田清吏司契”铜印赝品

 

  前些时我看到一方铜印(图1),看印文,可能是李自成时期的官印,就拍了照片,进行研究。 

  这方橛钮铜方印高4.5、印面4×4厘米,黄铜质。印台右上面压印:“永昌元年”;印台左上面压印:“礼政府造”。印面不是反面文字,就是印兑:“工政府屯田清吏司契”,这就露馅了。官印都是反面文字,把印盖在纸上,红印兑就是正面文字。该印作旧巧妙,很能打眼。 

  图2所示为李自成永昌元年“工政府屯田清吏司契”铜印。通高8.9厘米,印呈正方形,长宽各7.9、印台厚1.2厘米。正面阳刻篆书“工政府屯田清吏司契”三竖行共九字。印背柄钮右阴刻楷书“工政府屯田清吏司契”。印背柄钮左阴刻楷书“永昌元年肆月 日造”。印左边棱阴刻楷书“宇字伍佰贰拾捌号”。这是明末李自成农民革命大顺政权遗留下来的珍贵文物。1644年,李自成在西安建立大顺政权,建元永昌,三月攻占北京,规定改印为符、券、契、章凡四等。李自成改明六部为政府,这枚铜印是专理屯田事宜的政府职能凭证。永昌元年,即1644年。 

  屯田清吏司是明清时期工部下设的机构。设郎中5人(满4人、汉1人),员外郎6人(满5人、汉1人)、主事5人(宗室1人,满、汉各2人)、笔帖式若干人,经承8人。司下设都吏、准支、柜、杂、匠五科和案房、算房、火房,分办本司事务。屯田司掌陵寝修缮及核销经费、支领物料;主管四司工匠定额及钱粮等事;管理各地开采煤窑及供应官用薪炭。 

  图2所示这方“工政府屯田清吏司契”铜印,于1959年3月在北京市王府井出土,现藏中国国家博物馆。

 

 

图2 中国国家博物馆藏永昌元年 “工政府屯田清吏司契”铜印

 

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