0 Favorites 0 likes 5,157 浏览 998 个字

图1 清乾隆剔彩春字天圆地方盖盒

  两年前,笔者到北京参加一场拍卖会。记得当时现场人潮涌动,大家的竞拍热情都很高。给我印象最深的,是一件工艺精美的清乾隆御制剔彩春字天圆地方琮式盒(图1)的现身,受到很多人的关注。由于国力强盛和乾隆帝的积极推动,清代漆器制作达到鼎盛。乾隆三十六年至四十年左右,宫廷密集制作了各式雕漆宝盒,百工炫巧争奇,料不厌精,工不厌细,开创出华丽精巧的典型风格,影响深远。而剔彩则属雕漆中工艺最为繁复的一类,因而较为少见。

图2 清彩漆深雕春字花卉盒

 

  当时上拍的这件春字盒,呈天圆地方仿古玉琮式,剔彩有红、黄、绿三色。盖面雕聚宝盆纹饰,锦地上雕聚宝盆,满盛各式珍宝,盆内发出万道霞光,霞光以三色交替呈现,光上托春字。因“春”字具有一年复始、万物更新之意,故象征长寿和新生,为明清时期经典装饰,甚为皇家宝爱,百年不衰。盒的侧壁中心有四处开光,内于天、地、水锦纹之上,髹朱漆浮雕山石、果实、菊花等纹样,两侧剔刻牡丹纹饰。整器做工不厌其烦,开光边沿处密布工整细巧的纹样,或回纹,或万字纹,或抽象卷草纹,刻工一丝不苟,尽显乾隆朝的华美风尚,非能工巧匠不能为。此春字盒刀法快利,精细纤巧,磨工不似明早期雕漆的圆滑,边缘锋利,漆色鲜艳,设计精美,雕工精湛,为清代乾隆时期宫廷造办处所制剔彩器的典型特征,具有浓重的皇家气派。 

  清时,为庆祝皇帝或者皇太后的生日,清宫造办处每年都要制作数量庞大、寓意长寿吉祥的器物,其中又以乾隆朝为最。春字盒便是较为常见的吉祥器物,其盒面纹样及装饰风格完全承袭嘉靖朝,乾隆朝时将之命名为“春寿宝盒”。“春”字带“万寿长春”的祈愿,“宝”字则代表聚宝盆上的宝物。 

  这也不禁让我想起了早在十多年前,另一场拍卖活动上的一件清代彩漆深雕春字花卉盒(图2)。该漆盒同样做工奇巧精致、秀雅华美,通体以木为胎,上施朱漆,堆漆肥厚。盒面中心作“春”字花卉,花瓣层层绽放,惹人喜爱,呈现繁密茂盛之势。盖盒色泽以朱漆为主,鲜艳莹润,光亮夺目,其间渐染诸色,更添异彩,极具观赏价值。 

  雕彩漆是在胎骨上分不同层次髹不同颜色的漆,然后逐层刻除不需要的颜色,使最终留下的图案呈现出绚烂的色彩。这种工艺从南宋便有萌芽,但色彩单调,最多仅采用三种颜色,发展至明代日趋成熟,色彩也逐渐丰富。这件清代彩漆深雕春字花卉盒漆色光亮,包浆浓郁,雕工圆润,下刀一气呵成,粗犷豪放中呈现出朴实美。

 

Related recommendations

Li Zhibin, also known as "Xiaoyaō Zi," shares the same name on Douyin and Kuaishou platforms. He is from Sichuan, has a passion for traditional culture, and is dedicated to arts such as poetry, calligraphy, and music...

Wang Shuangyi, courtesy name Yufei, born in Hebei in 1962, a member of the Communist Party of China, graduated with a college degree in calligraphy. Member of the 10th and 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of Ningjin County...

Liu Tianjing, also known as Tian Jin. Male, Han ethnicity, born in May 1968, from Longde County, Ningxia. He has studied the calligraphy and theory of the Two Wangs since childhood. Ningxia Calligraphers Association...

Guo Jindong, currently the Vice President and Chairman of the China Commercial Culture Research Association, a specially appointed researcher at the National Museum of China, former Vice President of the China National Academy of Painting, ...

Liu Keren, courtesy name Zilian, also known as Kuai Xue Tang and Si Qi Zhai. Originally from Weifang City, Shandong Province, he is the branch president of the Baisanheishui Painting Academy and vice president of the China National Painting and Calligraphy Academy.

Wang Rong Artistic Biography A native of Datong, Shanxi, currently residing in Beijing. His courtesy name is Yunshi, and his art name is Yunshanzhongren. Director of the Pinggu District Artists Association, Beijing Shanxi Provincial Artists Association...

Empower content monetization

Elevate your income to a new level

Click to contact customer service

Online time: 8:00-16:00

Customer service QQ

88888888

Customer service phone number

400-888-8888

Customer service email

ceotheme@ceo.com

Scan QR code

Follow the WeChat official account

Scan QR code

Visit this site on your mobile device