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  “骑牛远远过前村,短笛横吹隔陇闻。多少长安名利客,机关用尽不如君。”这首北宋文学家黄庭坚的《牧童诗》,前两句刻画了乡村牧童骑在牛背上无拘无束吹笛自娱的惬意情景,后两句则抒发感慨:多少人在京师长安争名逐利,远远不如无忧无虑生活的乡村牧童,表达了作者内心世界对远离喧嚣、安然自乐的乡村生活的向往。正是被乡村儿童牧牛的恬静与闲适所吸引,很多诗人都毫不吝啬手中的笔墨,赋诗填词,描绘牧童的诸般乐趣,如唐代诗人吕岩的《牧童》:“草铺横野六七里,笛弄晚风三四声。归来饱饭黄昏后,不脱蓑衣卧月明。”将牧童骑牛吹笛归来的一幕刻画得栩栩如生。历代画家亦不甘落后,绘制了许多牧牛丹青。一些玉器工匠更是以童子牧牛为题材,在精美的玉器上雕刻出牧童与牛的玉雕作品,赋予了牧童新的艺术色彩。

  如图所示这件器物,是一件由武汉博物馆收藏的清代青玉童子牧牛摆件。该器长14、宽6.5、高12.5厘米;玉质晶莹透亮,颜色白中泛青。玉器以圆雕、镂雕工艺雕琢,分为上中下三个部分。中部,一头丰满壮硕的牛正在浅水塘里慢悠悠地行走,毫不顾及四足深陷淤泥,牛头侧扭,双目大睁,犄角弯曲后盘于牛颈,神态温驯憨厚,口中不紧不慢地咀嚼着一束长长的高粱穗,从牛尾上翘摇摆的情状来看,似乎很流连这脚下水塘,不想早点归去,形态生动逼真。上部,一个牧童横坐在宽厚的牛背上,短衫赤足,裤脚挽起至膝盖,竹笠背在背上,可见此时正是夕阳西下牧归之时。此时,牧童将牵牛的缰绳压在屁股下,手持短笛,昂首目视前方,若有所思,似乎刚吹奏完一曲,正在考虑下一首吹奏什么?又似在想着天色向晚,要不要早点归去,但又不忍心打断牛此时悠游于水塘中的惬意兴头。牧童憨态可掬的俏皮模样,不禁令人想起宋代诗人雷震《村晚》中的牧归场景:“草满池塘水满坡,山衔落日浸寒漪。牧童归去横牛背,短笛无腔信口吹。”下部为水塘,虽然只有薄薄一层,但从没入水中大半部分的牛足来看,可见水塘的深度。周边水波粼粼,在牛的走动下荡起波浪。牧童与牛和谐、惬意的这幕场景,很容易令人想起那首脍炙人口的台湾校园民谣:“走在乡间的小路上,牧归的老牛是我同伴,蓝天配朵夕阳在胸膛,缤纷的云彩是晚霞的衣裳……”令人对恬静闲适的乡村生活心生出几分向往。

  整件器物造型生动,形象塑造逼真,很好地突出了牧童无忧无虑萌心可爱的一面,以及牛憨厚温驯的性情,通过一些细部动作的刻画,又使画面充满动感。雕琢工艺精湛,圆雕、镂雕并用,刀法娴熟老到,细致入微。牛身浑圆丰满,牛目、牛犄角、牛尾、缰绳、高粱穗上的纹路,以及牧童短衫上的褶皱,都刻画得清晰细致。玉器三个部分的比例设计可谓大小适当,以身形瘦小的牧童,衬托出牛身的硕大壮健,而泥足深陷的刻画,则显示出水塘淤泥的深厚,由此可见匠人艺术想象力的丰富。

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