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  铜香炉即是铜做的焚香器具。铜香炉虽然质地相同但是不同时代的能工巧匠们却把他们做成了作成种种形式。铜香炉用途亦有多种﹐有熏衣铜香炉﹑或陈设铜香炉﹑或敬神供佛铜香炉。

  明代宣德皇帝在位时,为满足玩赏香炉的嗜好,责成宫廷御匠参照皇府内藏的定、汝、官、哥、均等名窑瓷器的款式,以及《宣和博古图录》、《考古图》等史籍,设计和监制香炉。为保证香炉的质量,工艺师挑选了金、银等几十种贵重金属,与红铜一起经过十多次的精心铸炼,成品后的铜香炉色泽晶莹而温润,实在是明代工艺品中的珍品,宣德炉的铸造成功,开了后世铜炉的先河,在很长一段历史中,宣德炉成为铜香炉的通称。宣德三年利用这批红铜开炉共铸造出了三千座香炉,以后再也没有出品,这些宣德炉都深藏禁宫之内,普通百姓只能知其名而未见其形。经过数百年的风风雨雨,真正宣德三年铸造的铜香炉极为罕见。

  铜香炉的历史劫难:

  据历史记载,宣德三年,皇帝下旨铸铜炉,合计一万八千余件,现竟然失落得几乎无迹可寻,就连台湾的故宫博物院,也仅收藏了四座。其实,当时宣炉除了供御用外,也用来分赐给诸王、臣下及京内各郊祭坛,甚至于各地的闻名寺院,分布得非常广泛,然而在改朝换代之际,许多宣炉(包括后仿炉和私款炉),不但失散了,甚至于销毁,至今宣炉已成为可遇不可求的珍品,后仿炉、私款炉亦珍贵。原因是宣炉在短短的四五百年间遭到了多种劫难。

  根据《宣德彝器图谱》记载,宣德皇帝深感内廷、宗庙、郊坛陈设的鼎彝 “式范猥鄙,略无雅致”,于是利用暹罗等地进献的风磨铜,参考《宣和博古图》、《考古图》等图样,以及柴、汝、官、哥、定窑“款式典雅者”重新铸造各式铜器,而铜炉是其中的佼佼者。明朝末年,有的文人将宣德铜器与永乐雕漆、景泰珐琅、成化斗彩等量齐观,称其“精巧远迈前古”。仿造宣德铜器的活动大概始于明末,清雍正、乾隆时期达到高潮,清宫造办处活计档中经常可以看到制作“宣铜”的记录。

 

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