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  青铜是一种铜锡合金,在红铜中加入锡,既创造性地解决了红铜的强度问题,又较好地保持了其延展性,所铸器物在可塑性和耐用性等方面的表现十分突出,可用来制作农具、兵器、礼器、酒具等。在我国,汉代以前的文章中多记青铜为“金”,精纯而美好的青铜则被称为“吉金”。

  青铜器的铸造和使用是人类跨入文明社会的三大标志之一。世界上最早的青铜器出现在距今6000年前的古巴比伦两河流域。中国目前出土的最早青铜器是1975年在甘肃东乡林家马家窑文化遗址(约公元前3000年)出土的一件青铜刀,距今已经有5000多年的历史了。

  在广西,青铜器出现的时间则相对较晚,约在距今3000年前。彼时,广西属西瓯骆越居地,居民也主要为西瓯、骆越部族,文明程度较中原地区有较大的差距。商周时期,虽已进入青铜时代,但青铜器的铸造和使用量较少。从出土文物来看,目前在广西境内出土能确定属于西周及其以前的青铜器仅20余件。而在玉林地区发现的有明确出土地点的西周及其以前的青铜器则仅有零星几件。其中,出土年代最早的一件是1978年在陆川出土的西周兽耳三角夔纹铜罍,是目前玉林出土的最早青铜器。

  西周兽耳三角夔纹铜罍,高47、口径28.5、底径24.8厘米,1978年出土于陆川县乌石镇塘城村,现收藏在广西壮族自治区博物馆。此罍为青铜铸造,器壁较薄。整体呈“亚”字形,圆体,敞口,短颈,喇叭形口,斜肩,斜腹,底附双层高圈足,肩附一对相背向的兽耳。兽耳饰云雷纹,颈下部饰圈点纹和弦纹,肩部以耳分界,每边饰两组对称的饕餮纹,过耳处有一周重环纹,重环纹上下各一道凸起的绳纹,腹部饰三角夔纹,圈足上部饰环带纹,下部饰云雷纹。

  罍(音“雷”),古代的盛酒器。最早见于商代晚期,流行至春秋时期,有圆体和方体两种形式。广西出土的先秦青铜器中,罍的数量较少,目前仅发现了6件。以出土地命名,分别为荔浦马蹄塘铜罍、陆川塘城铜罍、来宾木荣铜罍、恭城金堆桥铜罍、贺州马东村龙坡岭铜罍、贺州龙中岩洞铜罍。

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