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  金丝楠是一些材质中有金丝和类似绸缎光泽现象的楠木。木材有香气,纹理直而结构细密,不易变形和开裂,为建筑、高级家具等优良木材。在历史上金丝楠木专用于皇家宫殿、少数寺庙的建筑和家具。金丝楠木中的结晶体明显多于普通楠木,木材表面在阳光下金光闪闪,金丝浮现,且有淡雅幽香。

  明代王煜在《楠树赋》中也夸赞:“楠之茂也,势忝岱华,光拍沧溟,上悬三光,下蟠九地。”楠木为软木之首,且木性温和,体轻,不伸不胀,不翘不裂,纹理清晰细腻。宫廷家具往往以楠木制作家具,如楠木罗汉床,冬季睡卧,触之不凉,此优点为任何硬木所不及。同时也因材质较软且细腻,可以雕琢更多层次,因此单从雕工纹饰精细上讲,楠木所雕的纹饰往往更胜紫檀等硬木。
楠木自古以来就是备受重视的珍贵木料,其受重视程度不亚于黄花梨和紫檀。而金丝楠又是楠木中最为稀少珍贵者。历史上金丝楠木专用于皇家宫殿、少数寺庙的建筑和家具,古代帝王龙椅宝座也选用优质金丝楠木制作,民间如有人擅自使用,会因逾越礼制而获罪,因此该树种自清代起就甚为稀有了。

  传统居室为了增加室内空间层次,常采用“隔”的手法。“隔”的手段包括高墙回廊、门窗板壁、帘幕、博古架、落地罩等。落地罩形制千姿百态,凡从地上一直到梁(或枋)的花罩都可称为落地罩。落地罩形式主要有三种:第一种沿两侧木柱和梁(枋)形成的不同方向的三条边上均有装饰,两侧的木雕一般都坐落在木雕须弥座上。第二种叫做“隔扇罩”,在两侧木柱上安装隔扇、隔扇间,梁枋下安装单边罩。第三种是在柱梁间满饰木雕或用木棂条组成图案,中间部位留出几何形洞口,因其洞口的形状定得名,又可分为:圆光罩、八方罩、花瓶罩、莲花罩、芭蕉罩等。清代宫廷建筑在雍正、乾隆时期,常常使用三、四个屋顶并列的连卷建,由此也加大了室内的进深,例如圆明园的慎德堂等。故而这一时期各式各样的落地花罩被大量用于宫廷建筑内的隔间,且宫廷所用落地罩多使用珍贵木料精工雕刻,华美无比,很好地烘托出宫廷建筑的豪奢高贵。当时紫禁城、圆明园及各地行宫的内檐装修工程大多是由“样式雷”工房负责设计,再交由造办处木作或扬州等地承造。这些清宫落地罩,选料精当,雕饰细致,所用图案多为松、竹、梅、兰、绶鸟等有吉祥寓意、生活情趣的题材,刻划细致入微。且官造器物需由宫中画师绘制图样,法度严整,造办处工匠雕饰的活计,繁密而不落俗套,其皇家气派是民间活计难以企及的。

 

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