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  有炉光怪真异绝,肌腻肉好神清和。

  窄边蚰耳藏经色,黄云隐跃穷雕磨。

  宣德炉,这一让帝王冠以年号的珍品香炉,到底有多精妙?

  妙之一:宝色

  有明一代的大鉴赏家、收藏家、项元汴说:“宣炉之妙,在宝色内涵珠光,外现澹澹穆穆。”

  也就是说宣德炉的最妙在于色,其色内融,从黯淡中发奇光。

  宣德炉采用失蜡法铸造完毕后,经过精细的打磨,再用辰砂、胭脂石、紫矿石等几十种名贵的矿石进行着色处理。

  尤其是鎏金或嵌金片的宣德炉,金光闪熠,给人—种不同凡器的视觉观感。

  妙之二:光润

  宣德炉是中国历史上第一次运用黄铜铸成的铜器。据记载宣德三年(1428年)暹罗国(即今天的泰国)向大明朝进贡风磨铜。

  传说风磨铜矿材,经过反复冶炼后,灿如黄金,细腻似水。一般炉料要经四炼,而宣德炉要经十二炼,因此炉质会更加纯细,如婴儿肤柔嫩可掐。

  除铜之外,还有金、银等贵重材料加入,所以炉质特别细腻,再加之多次精细打磨,使之滑润如丝。

  妙之三:形雅

  明朝第五代皇帝朱瞻基,文武兼备,是继宋徽宗之后又一著名文艺皇帝。能书善画,具有非常高的审美,宣德炉正是在他的督造下,才如此美轮美奂。

  古人讲究“藏礼于器”,香炉在明朝以前多用为祭祀焚香,皇帝也要祭祀天地、祭祀祖先。

  明宣宗朱瞻基为了制作出精品的铜炉,亲自督造整个制作过程,包括炼铜、造型必须自《宣和博古图》《考古图》等典籍及内府密藏的数百件宋元名窑中,精选出符合适用对象、款制大雅的形制。

  选样确定后,将之绘成图样,再呈给皇帝亲览,并说明图款的来源和典故的出处,经过筛选确定后,再铸成实物样品让其过目,满意后方准开铸。

  明宣宗颇高的审美,加之精细的用料、精选的造型,使宣德铜炉形制古朴典雅,千百年来受到上至王公贵族,下至黎民百姓的追捧与厚爱.“数声墙竹萧萧雨,一缕铜炉淡淡烟。一鼎香炉,静室升烟,炉之静,烟之动,在动静之间,渐入平和心境。焚香熏室、安心静坐,自然是文人生活中的雅事。铜香炉,更是能陪伴一生的焚香雅器。用料金贵,古法繁复的“明代文房珍玩之首”的宣德炉便是其中之佳选。

 

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