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图1 上世纪70年代的卫星火花

 

  今年是我国第一颗人造地球卫星——“东方红一号”成功发射50周年。1970年4月24日21时35分,“长征一号”运载火箭搭载着“东方红一号”卫星从中国西北酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空,21时48分进入预定轨道,由此开创了中国航天史的新纪元。随后,由卫星播放的《东方红》乐曲响遍全球。

 

图2 1971年“我们也要搞人造卫星”火花

图3 1971年“红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲”火花

图4 2012年“东方红一号”火花

图5 2012年“神舟七号”火花

图6 2012年“神舟九号与天宫一号自助对接成功”火花

 

  “东方红一号”卫星发射成功后不久,我国有部分火柴企业为之出品了纪念火花。如云南昭通火柴厂出品的“卫星”(图1)火花,描绘的是在标识有中国版图上,一颗表示我国首颗卫星的红色五角星,从天安门城楼处出发,划着红色弧线飞向星光点点的蔚蓝太空。稍后的1971年,安徽芜湖火柴厂出品了七枚套“首颗人造地球卫星发送成功”火花。其中(图2)一枚主版印有红色“热烈欢呼我国成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星”字样,副版则在放光芒的“我们也要搞人造卫星”,以及振臂欢呼的人群背景衬托下,突出了一名科技人员左手拿着一份刊登有我国首颗人造地球卫星发射成功的报纸号外,面带笑容挥动双臂欢庆的喜悦形象。另外(图3)一枚主版也是红色“热烈欢呼我国成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星”字样,副版则是一轮红日正从雪山后面冉冉升起,同时于这幅画面上方配印有毛泽东《七律·长征》首联“红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲”,以此说明当年国人在百废待兴、一穷二白的基础上,研制并成功发射人造地球卫星的豪情壮志,进而成为世界上第五个独立研制和发射卫星的国家。

  改革开放以后,随着我国航天事业的迅猛发展,我国的火柴企业也以火花的方寸幅面,真实地再现了我国航天史的历史瞬间。如杭州火柴厂出品于2012年的“中国航天”火花,主版分别通过一箭多星、返回式遥感卫星、地球静止轨道试验通信卫星、风云一号、嫦娥一号、天宫一号等十幅我国卫星进入浩瀚太空的照片,简要述说了我国航天事业具有里程碑意义的十大历史性事件。其中编号“10-1”(图4)反映的是“东方红一号”绕轨飞行的画面。编号“10-8”(图5)的画面是2008年9月27日16时44分,在距中国343公里的太空,航天员翟志刚手拿鲜红国旗,成功地走出神舟七号载人飞船向太空迈步的特写。翟志刚在太空迈出的一小步,成就了中华民族的一大步,由此标志着中国成为继美国和俄罗斯之后第三个掌握出舱技术的国家。编号“10-10”(图6)画面定格于“神舟九号与天宫一号自助对接成功”。

  这些展现我国航天事业的主题火花,在向人民群众普及航天知识,提高全国人民的科学文化素养的同时,见证了我国航天事业从无到有,经过无数航天科学家的不懈努力,终于研制发射成功开启我国航天时代的“东方红一号”,再到举世瞩目的航天事业历程。

 

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