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  “国朝花卉,当以恽寿平为第一,淡冶秀逸,仙骨珊珊,如藐姑不食人间烟火。其次邹一桂推能品,于寿平笔意深有悟入处。”

  ——胡敬《国朝院画录》

恽寿平《瓯香馆写生册》天津博物馆藏

  恽寿平擅画花卉, 其友王翚曾赞其笔下“每画一花,必折是花插之瓶中,极力描摹,必得其生香活色而后已。”其实恽寿平在早年时期从学伯父恽向,以山水见长。张庚《国朝画征录》载其:“好画山水,力肩复古。”后习徐崇嗣,以没骨写花卉草木,潇洒秀逸,点色敷染成画。恽寿平认为:“俗人论画,皆以设色为易,岂知渲染极难。画至着色,如入炉钩,重加锻炼,火候稍差,前功尽弃。”

  为了追求绘画的自然灵动,恽寿平极擅用水,以水带色,表现出所绘题材的层次与质感。其孙恽南林曰:“述乃祖设色鲜明,丰姿绝世之故,非有他谬巧,不过善于用水耳。”除设色外,恽寿平亦极重视形似,在《南田画跋》可见到恽寿平对“形”与“意”关系的表述:“世人皆以不似为妙,余则不然,惟能极似,乃称与画传神。”这在当时明末清初的以“意”为主,不求形色的画风中开门立户,使恽寿平以没骨写生花卉称绝当代。《国朝画征录》载当时盛态:“近日无论江南江北,莫不家家南田,户户正叔。”

  恽寿平《花卉册》

  北京保利2019年春拍

  著录:

  1.邵松年《古缘萃录》,第九卷,第21-24页,光绪癸卯(1903)澄兰室影印本。

  2.徐邦达著《改订历代流传绘画编年表》,第192页,人民美术出版社,1994年出版。

  3.《中国名画家全集·恽寿平》,第260页,河北教育出版社,2006年出版。

  4.《恽寿平全集》卷四,第212页,天津人民美术出版社,2016年出版。

  出版:

  1.《玉斋珍藏明清书画精选》,164-168页,耶鲁大学画廊,1994年出版。

  2.《嘉德二十周年精品录》(《古代书画卷2》),第526-527页,故宫出版社,2014年出版。

  3.《王南屏藏中国古代绘画》,第452-459页,天津人民美术出版社,2015年出版。

  在北京保利2019年春拍中,恽寿平花卉题材作品《花卉册》以74,750,000顺利成交。本册为上海博物馆退还作品,上海博物馆编《中国书画家印鉴款识》之《中国书画家印鉴款识·恽寿平》印鉴中第19印“正叔”、第38印“园客”、第42印“寿平之印”、第68印“问花阜”、第73印“南田”、第101印“南田小隐”、第107印“恽·寿平”、第110印“北墅”、第115印“寿平”、第138印“菊涧”、第149号“将移我情”均取自本件册页。

  《花卉册》一共八开,分别绘白牡丹、红杏花、蝴蝶花、紫薇、雁来红、野菊、双色菊花、竹石与天竺腊梅。笔墨秀润淡雅,敷色明快而不媚艳,造型准确,清逸灵动。所选花卉题材从三月的杏林春暖到晚夏紫薇,九月雁来到腊月的初梅,整册花卉的花期相扣,连下来竟是完整的一年四季,从选题亦体现出作者对本册的用心精妙,又诗画兼备,不刻求工致,但求澹雅自然,足以体现出恽寿平一生所追求的艺术理念与审美意趣。

恽寿平《花卉册》北京保利2019年春拍

  恽寿平于康熙十九年(1680)绘完此册,二十三年(1703)后,高士奇得本册跋:“画花卉者易于板滞,恽正叔深得宋人写生之旨,下笔辄有异趣,此册尤其生平得意作也。每于读书困倦时,倚隐囊展观,如步疏篱野径一回。”其中所述“如步疏篱野径一回。”生动体现了本册给观者所感,清风徐来,一草一木,一花一叶,都宛如漫步山径偶见,让观者展册无不感到清新。后转至乾嘉时期藏家陈淮,道咸时伍元蕙、潘仕成、杨庆麟、邵松年,后归民国大藏家庞莱臣、王南屏。流传有绪,递藏清晰。庞莱臣更是在本册钤有“虚斋至精之品”一印,在各大博物院(馆)中,仅有数件庞氏珍藏钤盖此枚印章。

恽寿平《花卉图册》 纳尔逊艺术博物馆藏

  正值阳光渐暖,早木春芽之时,在今年这个有些特殊的初春伊始,我们亦愿祖国四季美景常在。

 

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