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战国玉组佩  

  ——共展出巴文化文物376件套,其中珍贵文物96件套

  战国楚铜衡

  战国虎纹铜矛

  作为长江上游巴蜀文化的重要分支,古老的巴文化有着说不完的历史,道不尽的风流。近日,“神秘的巴国”展览在重庆中国三峡博物馆举行,共展出渝、川、鄂等地出土巴文化文物376件套,其中珍贵文物96件套。

  巴国,一个神秘的古国,中国先秦奇书《山海经》中就有“西南有巴国”的记载。现代人们常说的“巴山蜀水”“下里巴人”,都是对这个古老国族的历史记忆和文化传承。巴国诞生在大河之滨,巴人活动在大山深处,纵然历经迁徙,山水环境都是它永恒不变的家园。然而,长期以来,由于文献记载阙如,这个曾经在今川、渝、陕、鄂、湘、贵都留下足迹,并在江汉平原与秦、楚等强国争锋的古国,却犹如山中弥漫的浓雾,被蒙上了厚重的面纱。

  直至历经多年考古发掘和历史研究,笼罩在古老巴国头上的这层面纱被层层揭开。此次由重庆中国三峡博物馆、重庆市文化遗产研究院、四川博物院、四川省文物考古研究院、湖北长阳土家族自治县博物馆共同主办的“神秘的巴国”展,是首次全面、系统展示巴文化的展览,为观众还原一段属于巴国巴人巴文化的故事。

  此次展览共分为“初君——廪君传奇”“王室——南土礼乐”“将士——戈矛若林”“平民——渔盐之利”“国亡——秦并巴蜀”“后裔——土家风情”六个单元;展出376件文物,其中珍贵文物96件(一级文物44件、二级文物15件、三级文物37件)。展品种类以巴文化区商周至西汉时期青铜器为主,另有骨器、玉器、织锦等。

  如展出的战国铜虎钮錞于,是重庆三峡博物馆的一件馆藏重器。其通高68、盘径36、底径28厘米,重30千克,出土于重庆万州甘宁水库。錞于盘面雕铸五组纹饰:独髻人头、站立船头的羽人击鼓、鱼与卷云纹、夔龙与柿蒂纹、花蒂(手心纹),真实展现了2000年前古老巴人生业及信仰。核心图案是盘面上立虎与独髻人头组合关系,此应与巴人关于廪君“虎饮人血”的先祖记忆有关。

  再如,展出的一件商代大型牛卜骨,是我国早商时期的最大卜骨之一,吸引不少关注。这件文物出土于湖北省宜昌市长阳县香炉石遗址,现收藏在长阳土家族自治县博物馆。资料显示,该卜骨系用牛的左肩胛骨制成,两面及边缘均经打磨修整,背面中脊基本削平,厚处钻孔大,薄处钻孔小,共计大小圆形钻孔100多个,呈横向与斜向排列,部分有灼痕,无卜辞。整器全长42厘米,是我国早商时期的最大卜骨之一。

  同时展出的还有商代猪形铜磬、商代三羊铜尊、战国虎纹铜弓耳矛、战国云纹铜缶、战国水陆攻战宴乐纹铜盖豆、战国狩猎纹铜壶、战国鸟形铜尊、战国凤鸟纹错银铜壶、战国铜俎豆夹组合、战国卷云纹带盖铜鍪、战国玉组佩、战国斑纹铜柳叶剑、战国虎纹铜戈、战国“二十六年蜀守武造”铜戈、汉代分体铜釜甑、现代土家族“六月六”织锦壁挂、现代土家族“白花果”壁挂、现代土家族织锦儿童盖裙等。据悉,展览将持续到8月19日。

战国青铜虎钮錞于及其盘面局部“人面纹”

商代猪形铜磬

商代大型牛卜骨

战国鸟形铜尊

战国铜俎豆夹组合

战国虎纹铜戈

战国水陆攻战纹铜盖豆

战国水陆攻战纹铜盖豆 腹部纹饰线图

 

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