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   展览地点: 负一楼特展厅

   策展人: 许晓东

  

   黄金,在人类历史与古代传说中,总和权势、财富相关联。数千年前,它就已为人类所用,那时文字尚未萌芽,它的珍贵却已被口耳相传。时至今日,在全世界范围内,黄金仍是衡量经济与显示财富的主要标尺之一。

   于今欲窥人类文明的演进,黄金的使用史无疑是一条最耀眼的线索。它精彩的身影,纵贯上下五千年,横跨欧亚大陆,更囊括四大文明古国,堪称文明之光。历经千百年,多数鲜艳夺目的文明遗物,或经风霜洗礼,或遭水土侵蚀,或沉薶于地下,昔日的容光或黯淡、或腐烂、或朽化,如川逝水,一去不返,令人叹惋。三代以上古物,能传之不朽且依然光彩照人者无它,唯有黄金。

   千载以上,南朝沈约就有“逝川无待,黄金难化”之说。再上溯千数百年,《尚书·禹贡》中已有“厥贡惟金三品”的记载,足见夏商时期,黄金与银、铜就已贵为贡品。近年中国境内考古发现有三千年前的黄金饰品,自然是此说最好的注脚。其实,进入青铜时代,黄金的提炼技术已臻成熟。《尔雅·释器》有云:“黄金谓之璗,其美者谓之鏐。白金谓之银,其美者谓之镣。”所谓“美”的标准,可能指纯净度而言。

   黄金既美而不朽,却稀缺而难得。因此,中国古代黄金所制罕见巨器,往往多为小件或饰品,或与白银、青铜等结合使用。《诗经》里“我姑酌彼金罍,维以不永怀”描绘的金罍,一般认为并非纯金制品,而是装饰黄金的青铜盛酒器。现代作为黄金简称的“金”,在古代并不专指黄金,而是泛指金属。汉代许慎的《说文解字》就说“金,五色金也”,而以“黄为之长。久埋不生衣,百炼不轻,从革不违。西方之行”,以致于汉武轻信方士李少君之言,以黄金为饮食器则益寿。从汉到唐数百年间,草原文明、异域文化伴着民族融合、贸易交流而影响金器风格,所出形制与纹饰令人叹未曾有。不过,显贵们依然迷信长生之说,日常所用器物多以金银为之。宋明以降,上自达官显贵,下至平民百姓,对黄金的使用益加广泛,其制作工艺愈精且细。传统使用的锤鍱与铸造,珠化与金丝,贴金、错金与鎏金等工艺,由一代代工匠心手相传,发扬光大,影响至今。

   此次展览由许晓东教授精心策划,通过梳理黄金制品历史、追溯外来文化影响、探索古代黄金工艺,全面展示中国古代黄金的历史,之所以能够成功举办,实赖香港中文大学文物馆的学术支持,并得到山西博物院、内蒙古博物院、内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所、云南省博物馆、陕西历史博物馆、甘肃省文物考古研究所、大同市博物馆、鄂尔多斯青铜器博物馆、南京市博物总馆、徐州博物馆、扬州博物馆、镇江博物馆、无锡博物院、洛阳博物馆、四川广汉三星堆博物馆、西安博物院、西安市文物保护考古研究院、法门寺博物馆、茂陵博物馆、宁夏回族自治区固原博物馆、张家川回族自治县博物馆、江阴市博物馆、常州市武进区博物馆、苏州市考古研究所等单位的大力帮助,在此谨表示诚挚的感谢!

   是为序。

苏州博物馆馆长  陈瑞近

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