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正统至天顺朝青花加矾红彩海水龙纹盘对比展出,左为故宫博物院藏,右为景德镇出土残件。

  祭蓝釉、浇黄釉、鲜红釉和白釉,在明代祭祀制度中分别被用作祭祀天、地、日、月坛。其中,由于高温下铜离子的发色对温度和气氛要求极为敏感,致使鲜红釉瓷的成品率极低。

  22日起,这些罕见颜色的瓷器都可以在故宫博物院“御瓷新见”展上看到。该展将景德镇明代御窑遗址出土一些新发现且未曾展出的重要出土瓷器修复件和残片标本,配以精选的故宫博物院藏传世明代御窑瓷器,共展出文物和标本合计196件套。

展览现场

  自明代洪武二年(1369年)开始,朝廷即在景德镇珠山设陶厂专门烧造宫廷用瓷,直至清代最后一朝宣统止,几乎历朝都沿袭这种制度。

  20世纪80年代以来,景德镇市陶瓷考古研究所先后发现明代洪武至万历朝御窑瓷器落选品、废品和部分窑炉遗迹,经过抢救性发掘,获得数以吨计的御用瓷器落选后被打碎丢弃的残片和窑具标本,粘合复原出1400多件明代御窑瓷器,有助于深入研究明代御窑产品和生产制度。

展览现场

  在21日的发布会上,故宫博物院器物部主任吕成龙介绍,由于釉里红瓷器的烧成难度较大,致使明代釉里红瓷产量很低,发色纯正的产品更是罕见。此次展出的明代景德镇御窑遗址出土的永乐朝青花缠枝莲纹压手杯(残)、永乐朝釉里红花卉纹笔盒(修复)、宣德朝青花卷草纹器座(修复)以及正统至天顺朝青花折枝牡丹纹如意头形枕(修复)、青花镂空钱纹大绣墩(修复)等,均属于首次或修复后首次公开展出的重要展品,为研究明代御窑青花和釉里红瓷提供了新的实物资料。

  颜色釉瓷是明代景德镇御窑产品中的一大类,约有20个品种,其中以永乐、宣德朝甜白釉、鲜红釉、祭蓝釉、洒蓝釉瓷,弘治朝浇黄釉瓷、正德朝孔雀绿釉瓷以及嘉靖朝瓜皮绿釉瓷、万历朝茄皮紫釉瓷等,质量最好且发色最为纯正。该展中的一件祭蓝釉刻划应龙纹缸尽管是修复品,但系至今所仅见的孤品,珍贵程度由此可见一斑。

展览现场

  作为对比展,该展尽量选取故宫博物院藏传世明代御窑瓷器与景德镇市明代御窑遗址出土品在造型、花色、纹饰等方面相同或相似者,进行对比展示,让观众领略成品和落选品的差别。例如将故宫博物院藏永乐朝青花缠枝莲纹压手杯、正统朝青花云龙纹大盘、正统至天顺朝青花加矾红彩海水龙纹盘、正德朝青花八思巴文款龙穿缠枝莲纹碗等,分别与景德镇市珠山明代御窑遗址出土同类残件或修复品进行对比展示。

  据悉,2014年故宫博物院与景德镇市人民政府签署合作框架协议,协议内容之一是双方利用各自优势合作举办“明代御窑瓷器”系列对比展。自2015年以来,双方已联合举办过5个“明代御窑瓷器”对比展和1个考古新成果展。此次展览所选展品贯穿整个明代御窑历史,系双方合作举办明代御窑瓷器对比系列展的收官展。

 

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