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   曾伯克父盨,春秋早期,盨是盛放黍、稷、稻等饭食的器具,流行于西周晚期,春秋早期已罕见。湖北省文旅厅供图

  

   “华章重现——曾世家文物特展”12日在湖北省博物馆开幕。这是湖北省博物馆恢复开馆以来举办的第一个线下特展,曾国遗址近10年来出土文物精品首次大规模展出。特别是去年从日本成功追索回国的“曾伯克父”青铜器群首次在京外展出。

   自1978年随州曾侯乙墓被发现后,曾国考古不断取得新进展。近年来,2011年以来随州叶家山、随州文峰塔、枣阳郭家庙、京山苏家垄、随州枣树林等曾国考古发现连续获得全国十大考古新发现、“中国社会科学院考古学论坛·中国考古新发现”等,引起学界广泛关注。在考古工作者的不懈努力之下,丰富而精美的出土文物,揭示了未为史书所载的曾国七百余年的历史。

   此次展览精选了叶家山、苏家垄、文峰塔等重要曾国遗址出土青铜器,共分“始封江汉”“汉东大国”“左右楚王”“华章重现”四个单元,呈现西周早期到战国中期的曾国青铜文化面貌。

   曾国是西周早期周王室分封至江汉地区的重要诸侯国,始祖为“南公”,可与齐、晋、鲁等大国并列于《史记》中的“世家”,与文献中的“随国”为一国两名。曾国立国七百余年,经历了从王室藩屏到楚国盟友的转变过程,有着深厚的礼乐文明积淀,是中国考古发现中世系最完整、时代跨度最长的两周诸侯国,为研究中国先秦青铜文化和长江中下游地区文明进程提供了宝贵的材料。

   此次展览中,在文化和旅游部、国家文物局的支持下,展出了2019年从日本追索回来“曾伯克父”青铜器群。这是中国在国际文物市场成功制止非法交易、通过跨国追索回归祖国的价值最高的一批文物。

   “曾伯克父”青铜组器组合完整,制作精美,铭文丰富,为书写曾国历史补充了重要的新佐证,填补了出土曾国文物的重要缺环。

   “曾伯克父”青铜器群有1鼎、1甗、1簋、2盨、2壶、1霝,共计8件,保存较好,器上均有器主名及“甗”“盨”“霝”等器物的自名,十分珍贵。铭文显示这组青铜器作器者应为同一人,系“曾伯克父甘娄”,“曾”为国名,排行“伯”,字“克父”,“甘娄”为其名。形制、纹饰和铭文等特征契合西周晚期至春秋早期青铜器的时代风格,据学者推测可能出自湖北随枣走廊一带的曾国墓葬。

   “曾伯克父”青铜器群补充和印证了之前曾国高等级墓葬的考古发现,为春秋时期历史文化、礼乐制度和曾国宗法世系的研究提供了重要材料,对青铜器的断代与铸造工艺也具有重要的学术价值。

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