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三彩骆驼

  “粟特人在大唐——洛阳博物馆藏唐代文物特展”亮相长沙博物馆,展出116件唐代精品文物

  由长沙市文化旅游广电局主办,长沙博物馆、洛阳博物馆共同承办的“粟特人在大唐——洛阳博物馆藏唐代文物特展”近日亮相长沙博物馆,共展出洛阳三彩遗珍、东罗马金币、唐代景教经幢等在内的洛博馆藏唐代各式精品文物116件(套)。

  粟特民族是生活在中亚阿姆河与锡尔河一带的古老民族,被诸多中外学者认为是古代中亚最活跃、最神秘的民族。他们以擅长经商闻名于世,长期在丝绸之路上充当“中间商”的角色。据文献记载,汉代张骞“凿空”西域后,粟特地区同中原就开始有官方的往来。南北朝之后,这一地区开始以“昭武九姓”的名称频繁出现在史籍中。唐代粟特人大量入华,奏响了中西交流鼎盛局面的序曲。

  此次展览分别从“丝路有来客”“乐居在大唐”“此处是吾乡”三部分,结合116件(套)洛阳博物馆藏唐代文物,向观众展现了大唐王朝开放包容的精神状态,以及中原文化与丝绸之路沿线国家的文明互鉴。

  第一部分“丝路有来客”,通过展示众多的胡人俑、骆驼俑,再现丝绸之路驼铃悠扬、中外贸易繁盛的景象。通过安菩墓志,讲述粟特安国人安菩一家来到唐朝的故事。展览中有3件安菩墓中出土的三彩胡人牵俑,它们体形高大,身着绿色大翻领黄色大衣,内穿短裙,腰上系有束带和布囊,脚穿黑色长筒尖头鞋,人俑手部均作出一上一下的握拳状,很生动地表达出了牵缰绳这一动作状态,人俑的面部刻画也较为精细。另一件三彩骆驼也是极其珍贵。洛阳发现的三彩胡人牵引俑一般伴随着三彩骆驼或三彩马出土,传递出盛唐时期商旅驼群纷至沓来、长途跋涉、穿越荒漠、沟通中西的形象意境。

  第二部分“乐居在大唐”。以唐代文武官俑、三彩男女侍俑、骑马俑、乐舞俑等器物,表现粟特人入华后,积极参与唐代的政治、经济生活,同时他们所带来的习俗、歌舞、音乐等异域文化,在唐代社会博大胸怀的包容之下,成为当时社会生活的一部分,为大唐的社会生活增添了亮丽的色彩。该部分展示了一组彩绘陶乐舞俑,一组十件,由乐俑和舞俑组成,皆彩绘。女俑均粉面朱唇,眉心间点缀有紫色花钿,唇边装饰黑色圆点状假靥。乐俑六件,舞俑四件。此组女俑造型优美,乐者、舞者因身份不同而服饰、装扮不同。

  第三部分“此处是吾乡”。在丧葬文化上,入华粟特人虽然深受中原文化的影响,但仍然保持有粟特人的某些习俗。他们或信奉旧邦的祆教,或尊崇天竺的佛法,或沉浸于中原本土儒道之风。多元宗教信仰元素,折射出唐代海纳百川、开放包容的盛世气象。展品主要涉及佛教、祆教和景教等。

  据悉,此次展览将持续到8月23日。为满足不同观众的需求,长沙博物馆在开展后将通过线上直播的方式推出专家导赏、专题讲座等教育活动,待疫情防控解除后,还将推出多场线下教育活动,对展览进行全面、深度的阐释。 

  (本版图片源自长沙博物馆朱宇、洛阳博物馆)

三彩胡人骑马俑

 

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