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阿育王像,成都博物馆藏

  ——成都博物馆举办“映世菩提”特展,汇聚12家文博单位珍藏,部分为首次向公众展出。

  日前,由成都博物馆、四川大学博物馆联合主办的“映世菩提”特展,亮相成都博物馆。展览汇聚了国内12家文博单位收藏的百余件南北朝佛造像珍品,其中有多件是首次向公众展出。

  佛教自东汉末传入中国后,其造像艺术也在不同历史阶段因政治、宗教、文化和社会风俗等多方因素的交互作用而处于不断的发展和嬗变之中。南北朝是中国历史上民族大融合的重要阶段,亦是佛教文化融入中国传统文化的关键时期。南北对峙、兵戈扰攘的社会现实并没有阻碍佛教艺术的发展,相反源自于印度的佛教文化与中国传统文化在大变革的时代背景下愈发紧密地结合在一起,成为中华文明的重要组成部分,并在不同区域发展出各具特色的艺术形式。

  据了解,此次展览以南北朝佛教造像为主题,联合四川、河北、山东、甘肃、陕西、江苏、浙江、湖北等地12家相关文博单位,共展出102件/套展品,以全新角度及视野重新审视成都南朝造像,解读其在中国佛教史上的重要地位。

  从目前的考古发现看来,南朝的佛造像艺术作品流传于世者远较北朝罕见,主要的考古实物资料集中发现于南朝时期的西南重镇——益州,即今成都及周边地区。南北朝时期的成都既是北方丝绸之路“河南道”的起点,亦通过水路与东、南地区相联系,是重要的交通枢纽和文化中枢,在佛教东传,南北佛教文化的交流与融合过程中发挥了重要作用。从清末光绪年间开始,成都万佛寺、西安路、商业街、宽巷子、下同仁路、彭州龙兴寺及四川境内的的茂县、汶川县等地陆续都有南朝造像出土,这也印证了益州(成都)地区佛教文化的兴盛。这些造像的出土,填补了中国南朝石刻的空白,也为南北朝时期佛造像艺术研究提供了极为重要的史料。从最早有明确纪年的“褒衣博带”式造像,到首次出土的阿育王全身像,再到不断兼收并蓄、锐意创新的背屏式造像,成都的南朝造像呈现出独特的“益州风范”。

  益州(成都)在佛教东传,南北佛教文化的交流与融合过程中发挥了重要作用,与当时的凉州、建康、长安、青州、邺城等地共同构成了南北朝中国佛教文化的中心。展览同时结合青州、邺城等地的佛造像,阐释南北佛教艺术的交流与融合,并以南北朝时期的佛造像为载体,体现中印两大文明间的宗教、文化与艺术交流,南北朝时期中国南北文化的多样性、民族文化的大融合,以及成都作为丝路重镇和文化枢纽的重要历史地位,力求让观众对四川南朝造像所在的时代有清晰、全面的认识。据悉,此次展览将持续至5月份。

河北邺城北吴庄出土坐佛三尊像, 社科院邺城考古队藏

彩绘石雕思惟菩萨像,青州市博物馆藏

比丘法爱造观世音像,四川博物院藏

梁大通元年铜造像,南京市六朝博物馆藏

卢舍那法界人中像,青州市博物馆藏

河北邺城北吴庄出土王元景造弥勒像, 社科院邺城考古队藏

河北邺城北吴庄出土双思惟菩萨像, 社科院邺城考古队藏

释僧镇造释迦像,四川大学博物馆藏

 

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