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蒲纹青玉圭

  “金枝玉叶——明代江西藩王金玉器精品展”亮相福建博物院,一级文物超百件

累丝金凤簪

凤头镶宝金簪

白玉透雕云龙纹牌

嵌宝石玉坠金耳环

楼阁金簪

白玉透雕云龙钮

灯笼形金耳环

剔地高浮雕龙纹白玉带板(一套19枚)

镶宝金凤簪

镶宝石王母驾鸾金挑心

镶宝石嵌白玉仙人金钿

  连日来,受新冠肺炎疫情的影响,全国各地博物馆相继发布了闭馆公告,同时将一批精品特展转到网上进行展出,让观众足不出户就能够领略祖国悠久的历史文化。这其中,由福建博物院和江西省博物馆联合打造的“金枝玉叶——明代江西藩王金玉器精品展”很有特色,展出的500余件金银玉器文物中,一级文物占比近20%。
  朱元璋为了明代江山永固,实行封藩制度,将皇子皇孙分封各地。明代江西藩王主要有三大系:南昌地区的宁王系、鄱阳地区的淮王系以及建昌地区的益王系。中华人民共和国成立以来,江西陆续发掘了数十座藩王及其家族成员的墓葬,出土文物数千件。其中宁王、益王两系藩王墓出土文物最为精美,不仅品类多样、工艺精湛,而且时间清楚、物主明确。尤以金玉器最富特色,其造型、纹样及技法都达到了明代金玉工艺的巅峰水准。

  据了解,此次展览共分“珠玉琳琅”“鎏金华美”“金玉交辉”三部分,通过这些精美文物的展示,可以了解到明代金银制作工艺和用玉制度及琢玉工艺等,让我们对明代王府的生活风貌有个直观的感受。

  明代江西藩王金器品类较多,以首饰尤为华丽,制作工艺高超。如展出的镶宝石王母驾鸾金挑心,通长12.5厘米,凤高3.8、宽7.5厘米,重80克,1980年江西省南城县明万历三十一年(1603)益宣王夫妇墓继妃孙氏棺内出土。金凤昂首挺胸,展翅飞翔状,两翅圆托上分别镶嵌1颗大红宝石,背上焊一圆托中嵌有1粒大蓝宝石;5条凤尾上有7个花托,现残存2粒红宝石和2粒蓝宝石;凤尾中间镶嵌一尊头戴花冠、身披云肩、广袖长裙、双手托持一枝荷花、背有一轮金圈的王母坐像。整个挑心造型奇特,制作精致,极富想象力。

  明代玉带使用制度严格。明代文献记录的带板材质有玉、犀、金、银、乌角等五种,区分品秩,以玉列首位。如展出的剔地高浮雕龙纹白玉带板(一套19枚)长4.1—11.1、宽1.5—4.5、厚均0.7厘米;重720克。青白玉质,少许沁斑。采用剔地高浮雕技法,海水蛟龙为主纹。龙圆眼翅眉,张口露齿,发冲须飘,双角四爪,肘节飘毛,身出翼脊,网格鳞纹,辅以蝙蝠、喜鹊和如意云纹。小长条形銙为海水江牙、蝠或鸟纹,桃形銙为团龙纹。其他形状带板海水江牙,蛟龙腾翻,前有蝙蝠,后为喜鹊、如意云纹。整副带板,图意吉祥,前福(蝠)后喜(鹊)。

  同时展出的还有鸳鸯戏莲纹白玉扣(一套5副)、白玉透雕云龙钮、镶宝石嵌白玉仙人金钿、镶宝金凤簪、累丝金凤簪、楼阁金簪等金玉美器。这些精雕细琢、雍容华贵的文物,不仅是明代藩王锦衣玉食生活的真实缩影,为我们提供了当年王府奢华场景的想象空间,同时也是明代工艺美术研究的珍贵实物资料,具有很高的观赏与研究价值。据悉,此次展览将持续到4月17日。

 

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