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  近年来,人们将这种网络形式称之为“网上博物馆”——其拓展了博物馆和美术馆专业范围,也适应了数字化时代的发展要求,更扩大了受众人群以及社会影响。

  博物馆和美术馆建立起数字资源库,利用云端发布馆藏、介绍展览、开设网上展厅等,这些都是伴随互联网新技术兴起的常规方式。近年来,人们将这种网络形式称之为“网上博物馆”——其拓展了博物馆和美术馆专业范围,也适应了数字化时代的发展要求,更扩大了受众人群以及社会影响。

  当下新冠肺炎疫情致使博物馆、美术馆闭馆,在如此现实之下,进一步利用好云端和大数据,包括网站、微信公众号等,让公众在家中看到博物馆中的藏品和展览,并参与相关活动,来消除防疫期间的心理恐慌,以学习和思考来打破隔离。这或许表现为特殊时期的一时之需,但实际上这是博物馆、美术馆在原有网络资源基础上的现实发挥。这需要博物馆、美术馆盘活数字资源,扩展网络资源运用,把官方网站和微信公众号做得更丰富。关键要做出各自特色,避免千篇一律,用多种方式建立起这一特殊时期内与公众的联系。

  在此之前,国内很多博物馆和美术馆的官方网站只是一些简单页面,网上资源也很有限。如果借助此次疫情之需,把官方网站做得更好,把博物馆和美术馆的推广和教育工作做得多样,也是一个契机。更重要的是,要更大范围内开放藏品资源,开展线上教育,利用馆中讲解员开展网上讲解活动,开设如中国历史、美术史、科技史、工艺史等系列课程。同时,兼顾不同教育背景的公众,尤其重视中小学生课程设置。在疫情过后,包括数字资源积累以及相关工作经验,也有利于博物馆和美术馆各方面的日常工作。

  博物馆、美术馆应该在线上把各种活动开展起来——在前几年已完成的全国性可移动文物普查所积累的数字资产基础上,开放更多藏品资源,让公众看到过去所未见:或是过去看得不够仔细,如今通过网上能看到一些细节;或是回顾之前所见,加深进一步的理解和认识。当然,这需要博物馆和美术馆有为社会和公众着想的服务精神。这是疫情期间对公共文化服务事业单位的一个考验,为公众创造宅在家中继续学习、完善审美的契机。但是,实体博物馆、美术馆不可能被虚拟所替代。在实体建筑中,有空间环境、展览氛围,以及原作魅力,网络可以作为辅助。因此,还是期望全民战“疫”早日胜利,让公众能走进博物馆和美术馆。

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