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图1 吴大澂篆书《急就篇》条轴

  明末清初,随着以隶、篆为主要素材的文字学的普及和发展,再加上一批在风格上崇古好古的书家的实践努力,隶篆体又开始逐步得到重视。到了乾嘉之际,书坛篆书名家众多,吴大澂就是代表人物之一。

图2 吴大澂篆书“16字”条轴

  吴大澂(1835—1902),初名大淳,字止敬,又字清卿,号恒轩,别号白云山樵、愙斋、白云病叟。江苏吴县人。清著名金石考古学家、书法家。同治七年(1868)进士。曾任编修,陕、甘学政,河南、河北道员,太仆寺卿,太常寺卿,通政使,左都御史,广东、湖南巡抚等官职。吴大澂精于鉴别和古文字考释,亦工篆刻和书画,其中尤以篆书最为著名。他早年师从陈奂,当时书坛推崇李斯、李阳冰的篆书之风,吴大澂就跟随老师学《说文》小篆,因而其早期风格与二李笔法相同;中年以后,开始钻研古器物文字,书风也随之发生转变;到了晚年随着大、小二篆融合之风盛行,吴大澂也结合自身金石文的研究心得,参写大小篆体,独创出了属于自己的篆书风格。他的篆书很有特色,将小篆古籀文结合,功力甚深,即平时书翰也常用工整精绝的篆字为之,规矩整齐,别有情致。

  吴大澂篆书条轴(图1),纵120、横46厘米。内容为:“齐国给献素缯帛,飞龙凤凰相追逐。河南洛阳人蕃息,与天相保无穷极。真定常山至高邑,乘而嘉宠升进立。”出自西汉黄门令史游所作的《急就篇》,该书是中国古代教学童识字、增长知识、开阔眼界的字书,在古代常被用作识字课本和常识课本。落款为:“史游急就篇文为,又村仁兄大人书,庚辰二月,吴大澂”。款下有“吴大澂印”“愙斋”两方白文方印。

  吴大澂篆书条轴(图2),纵65、横31厘米,内容为:“嗟尔幼志,有异兮,独立不迁,岂不可喜兮。”原文出自屈原《九章橘颂》:“嗟尔幼志,有以异兮。独立不迁,岂不可喜兮。”这是一首托物言志的咏物诗,从各个侧面描绘和赞颂橘树,借以表达自己追求美好品质和理想的坚定意志。落款为:“振之仁兄属,吴大澂”。款下白文方印二枚:“吴大澂印”“愙斋”。

 

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